ACLU in American Civil Liberties Union

On Education: State oversight of local Jim Crow school systems

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 44-19-0 on Jun/9/21; passed Assembly 102-46-2 on Jun/10/21; Signed by Governor Andrew Cuomo on Jun/29/21.

On Crime: Inhumane to detain NYers for non-criminal parole violations

Opposition by Finger Lakes Daily News (9/20/21): Opponents argue that actions like encouraging parole leniency and a 2020 law eliminating cash bail, ongoing prison closures, and a growing "defund the police" movement--have helped drive a pro-criminal agenda that over the past few years has been a major contributor to making the state less safe. Violent crimes in numerous cities across New York have jumped over the past few years.

Legislative Outcome: Passed Assembly 85-64-1 on Jun/10/21; passed Senate 38-25-0 on Jun/10/21; signed by Gov. Hochul on Sept/17/22.

On Abortion: Oppose new fees & inspections for abortion clinics

ACLU-Utah case to vote NO: H.B. 171 unfairly subjects Utah's three existing women's health clinics which offer abortions to twice a year inspections and higher government fees. Placing unnecessary regulations on physicians and the clinics in which they practice is bad public policy that stifles the doctor-patient relationship.

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 47-25-3 on Mar/7/11; Passed Senate 22-6-1 on Mar/9/11; State Sen. Ben McAdams voted NO; Signed by Governor Gary Herbert on Mar/22/11

On Abortion: Funding abortion avoids discrimination against poor women

The bill singles out and excludes abortion from a host of programs that fulfill the government's obligation to provide health care to certain populations. Women who rely on the government for their health care do not have access to a health care service readily available to women of means and women with private insurance.

The government should not discriminate in this way. It should not use its power of the purse to intrude on a woman's decision whether to carry to term or to terminate her pregnancy and selectively withhold benefits because she seeks to exercise her right of reproductive choice in a manner the government disfavors.

On Abortion: Title X is effective but needs much more funding

A government review of Title X family planning services confirms that the program serves a unique and valuable purpose, is cost-effective, and is effectively managed. However, current funding is inadequate. Had Title X funding kept up with inflation it would now be funded at nearly $700 million. We ask that Title X be funded at $375 million, which is $92 million above its current funding level.

On Abortion: Let doctors tell truth: drug-induced abortion not reversible

Analysis by The Guardian (6/4/15):Planned Parenthood, the American Civil Liberties Union, [and others] are challenging SB1318, which requires doctors to tell women having a drug-induced abortion that the procedure is reversible, advice regarded by most medical experts as wrong and misleading. The lawsuit argues that compelling doctors to provide this information against their best medical judgement, with "extreme consequences" for non-compliance, is a violation of their first amendment rights.

Legislative Outcome:Passed House 33-24-3 on Mar/23/15; Passed Senate 18-11-1 on Mar/25/15; Signed by Gov. Ducey on Mar/30/15. A federal district court found in favor of the ACLU and overturned SB1316 on July 23, 2016.

On Abortion: Apply health equity: barriers affect low-income minorities

ACLU analysis: Restrictions on reproductive health care can have profoundly harmful effects on our health and well-being, particularly for those who already face significant barriers to accessing high-quality care, such as low-income women, women of color, immigrant women, young women, survivors of domestic violence, and transgender and gender-nonconforming people. The Reproductive Health Equity Act ensures that Oregonians, regardless of income, citizenship status, gender identity or type of insurance, have access to the full range of preventive reproductive health services, including family planning, abortion, and postpartum care.

On Abortion: Oppose abortion restrictions based on sex, race, disability

Analysis by ACLU / Associated Press: In asking a judge to block the new Kentucky law, the ACLU argued that it removes a woman's right to an abortion if the state "disapproves of her reason" for the procedure. The suit was filed on behalf of EMW Women's Surgical Center in Louisville, the only abortion clinic in Kentucky. The ACLU's challenge is part of a broader lawsuit also challenging another new Kentucky law that would mostly ban abortions in the state once a fetal heartbeat is detected--as early as six weeks into pregnancy. ACLU attorneys said the heartbeat bill would prohibit 90% of abortions in Kentucky.

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 67-25-8 on Feb/26/19; Passed Senate 32-4-1 on Mar/13/19; Signed by Governor Matt Bevin on Mar/19/19.

On Abortion: Provide full reproductive services in jails and prisons

Summary by ACLU-SoCal:˙California law and the US Constitution require jails to provide health care for incarcerated persons, which includes reproductive health care. But pregnant people who are incarcerated often receive biased, coercive information about their reproductive options, get substandard prenatal and postnatal care that endangers their health, and are denied reasonable accommodations that help ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. That's why we need˙AB 732.

Legislative Outcome:˙Passed Senate 33-1-6 on Aug/29/20; passed Assembly 63-0-16 on Aug/30/20; Signed by Governor Gavin Newsom on Sept/30/20

On Civil Rights: First Amendment doesn't include right to turn away LGBT

• allow federal contractors, including those that provide homeless shelters or drug treatment programs, to turn away LGBT people
• permit a university to fire an unmarried teacher simply for becoming pregnant
• permit government employees to discriminate against married same-sex couples and their families--federal employees could refuse to process tax returns, visa applications, or Social Security checks for all married same-sex couples
• allow businesses to discriminate by refusing to let gay or lesbian employees care for their sick spouse, in violation of family medical leave laws

On Civil Rights: Religious objections to GLBT services same as 1960s racism

Claiming a right to discriminate in the name of religion is not new. In the 1960s, we saw objections to laws requiring integration in restaurants because of sincerely held beliefs that God wanted the races to be separate. We saw religiously affiliated universities refuse to admit students who engaged in interracial dating. In those cases, we recognized that requiring integration was not about violating religious liberty; it was about ensuring fairness. It's no different today.

Religious freedom in America means that we all have a right to our religious beliefs, but this does not give us the right to use our religion to impose those beliefs on others.

On Crime: Black Lives Matter and police don't need special protection

[Two Louisiana shootings were captured on video, on which] "police killed a black man who was minding his own business," says the director of ACLU-LA. But it was the civil rights of police officers that Edwards was concerned about in May, as if theirs were being routinely violated. "I'm not aware of any evidence that police officers have been victimized that would justify giving them special protection," the ACLU director said.

The new law places police officers, firefighters, and EMTs under protection from hate crimes. Laws similar to the one in Louisiana have been proposed in KY, TN, and IL. In Washington, lawmakers introduced a "Thin Blue Line Act," which would strengthen penalties for attacks on law enforcement.

On Crime: VAWA is effective in reducing domestic violence and stalking

On Drugs: Drug testing for welfare is ineffective and unconstitutional

• Welfare recipients are no more likely to use drugs than the rest of the population, according to a 1996 study by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
• Science and medical experts overwhelmingly oppose the drug testing of welfare recipients [because] the stigma associated with testing impacted those on welfare negatively.
• Random drug testing of welfare recipients is fiscally irresponsible: Drug testing is expensive.
• Mandatory drug testing is an ineffective means to uncover drug abuse.
• Random drug testing of welfare recipients is likely unconstitutional under both the U.S. Constitution and some state constitutions:

On Drugs: Drug prohibition means corruption, not an end to drug use

At the turn of the century, many drugs were made illegal when a mood of temperance swept the nation. In 1914, Congress banned opiates and cocaine. Alcohol prohibition quickly followed. That did not mean, however, an end to drug use. It meant that, suddenly, people were arrested and jailed for doing what they had previously done without government interference. Prohibition also meant the emergence of a black market, operated by criminals & marked by violence.

In 1933, because of concern over widespread organized crime & police corruption, alcohol prohibition was repealed. Meanwhile, federal prohibition of heroin and cocaine remained.

On Drugs: A "drug free America" is not realistic; repeal prohibition

A "drug free America" is not a realistic goal, and by criminally banning psychoactive drugs the government has ceded all control of potentially dangerous substances to criminals. Instead of trying to stamp out all drug use, our government should focus on reducing drug abuse and prohibition-generated crime. This requires a fundamental change in public policy: repeal of criminal prohibition and the creation of a reasonable regulatory system.

On Education: Oppose private and religious school voucher programs

Under the federal voucher pilot program, funds were provided to schools even though they infuse their curricular materials with specific religious content and even though they are not covered by many of the nation's civil rights statutes that would otherwise protect students against discrimination. Additionally, each of the congressionally-mandated studies to explore the pilot program concluded that the voucher program had no significant effect on the academic achievement of students who used vouchers, including targeted students from "schools in need of improvement."

On Education: End suspension of students for willful defiance of authority

Analysis by ACLU of Northern California, Oct 20, 2014: Gov. Brown signed AB 420 which will eliminate the most extreme uses of harsh discipline under the category of "willful defiance." Gov. Brown's signature on AB420 represents a huge step forward for students in California. The enactment of AB 420 places our state at the front of the pack: we are leading in making meaningful advancements in civil liberties as other states turn in the opposition direction.

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 24-8-8 on Aug/19/14; Passed Assembly 62-16-1 on Aug/21/14; Signed by Gov. Jerry Brown on Sep/27/14

On Foreign Policy: Injustice of Gitmo is costing us a fortune

On Government Reform: Congressional term limits are unconstitutional

On Government Reform: Don't require "complete" ID on absentee ballots

ACLU-Ohio opinion on this bill: While SB 205 does make some positive improvements for voters with disabilities, it fails on several fronts to make voting easier for Ohioans. One of the most concerning aspects of SB 205 is the addition of the word "incomplete" in reference to a voter's absentee ballot identification envelope. Giving discretion to a few election officials to define exactly what this word means is likely to result in more ballots not being counted. Additionally, this language is overly broad and could violate federal law. The ACLU encourages the legislature to steer away from creating a "race to the bottom" by limiting ballot access of voters and contemplate more constructive ways to improve the absentee ballot process.

On Government Reform: Keep "Golden Week" for registration and early voting

ACLU-Ohio opinion on this bill: SB 238 moves Ohio election administration in the wrong direction. Eliminating "Golden Week" and shortening the early voting period will needlessly complicate the voting process and place additional burdens on voters. Voters with disabilities, seniors, the homeless, new residents, people with a lack of transportation, among many others, have utilized Golden Week as a flexible way to register & vote simultaneously. While the bill's sponsors may point to concerns over possible voting irregularities, there is almost no evidence to justify those fears. Rather than seeking to curtail the ability of voters to cast their ballot more easily, Ohio's legislators should strive to provide a fair, flexible and secure system that benefits all voters.

On Government Reform: Neighborhood districting increases minority representation

SFGate.com veto analysis:Gov. Brown said that existing laws "already ensure that the voting strength of minority communities is not diluted." The 2002 law allows minority groups to challenge at-large (city-wide) elections, increasing the likelihood of control by a white majority. [Since 2002] over 100 local governments switched to district elections. The [new] law could challenge district lines if intended to dilute minority votes.

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 26-14-0; Passed Assembly 53-24-3; Vetoed on 10/10/15.

On Government Reform: Requiring voter ID means disenfranchisement

ACLU Analysis: "A vote for this bill is a vote to disenfranchise U.S. citizens," said the legislative director of the ACLU of Pennsylvania. "Research indicates that as much as 11 percent of U.S. citizens do not have government-issued photo identification. But they have the right to vote. Why is the State House afraid of the voters?"

Legislative outcome: Bill passed House, 108-88-7 on June 23, 2011; State Rep. Jim Christiana voted YEA; bill passed Senate, 26-23-1, on March 7, 2012; signed by Governor Tom Corbett on March 12, 2012

On Homeland Security: USA Freedom Act should be first small step of more reforms

• Rein in surveillance under Executive Order 12333, which has been used to collect information about millions of Americans absent any judicial process
• Reforming FISA Section 702, which allows the government to collect the content of Americans' communications with individuals abroad
• Reforming administrative subpoena statutes which have been used for bulk collection
• Reforming Section 215, FISA's pen-register and trap-and-trace provisions, and national security letters
• Rejecting efforts to expand surveillance through cybersecurity information-sharing legislation.

On Homeland Security: Require a warrant to get location info from cell phones

Veto message:This bill simply goes too far. To obtain location data on a cell phone currently, police obtain a court order. This allows them to access historic--not real-time--location data. Many crimes would not have been solved if this law had been in place.

Summary by the ACLU: "We are thrilled that the legislature recognized the importance of protecting Mainers' privacy and stepped up to make sure this bill became law," said the Executive Director of the ACLU of Maine. "As technologies advance, it's important that the law keeps up. With these warrant requirements in place, privacy protections in Maine are among the strongest in the nation."

Legislative outcome:Vetoed by Gov. LePage 7/8/13; Override Passed House 125-17-9, Roll Call #442 on 7/9; Passed Senate 22-11-2, Roll Call #369 on 7/9.

On Immigration: No-Fly list against Muslims is unconstitutional

• Bans on Sharia and International law
• Mosques and community centers: Ongoing vandalism and resistance to new mosques
• Discrimination based on appearance against Muslim women
• Infiltration and surveillance of Mosques and Muslim communities
• Congressional hearings on the so-called "radicalization" of the American Muslim community
• Unconstitutional administration of the "No Fly List" (lawsuit on behalf of 15 U.S. citizens and lawful residents, all of whom are Muslim)
• FBI mapping of local communities and businesses based on race and ethnicity
• Anti-terrorism financing laws
• Invasive questioning at U.S. borders

On Immigration: Let DREAMers join military, whether legal or not

The US has dropped from first in the world in our number of college graduates to ninth, which has had a dramatic impact on our country's economy. The DREAM Act could result in billions of dollars in additional tax revenue from tapping the potential of DREAM-eligible students and future service personnel.

Since September 11, 2001, more than 69,000 immigrants have earned citizenship while serving, and more than 125 who entered military service after that date have made the ultimate sacrifice in war by giving their lives for this nation.

On Immigration: Muslim ban cannot be reworked to be constitutional

"The Trump administration has conceded that its original Muslim ban was indefensible. Unfortunately, it has replaced it with a scaled-back version that shares the same fatal flaws. The only way to actually fix the Muslim ban is not to have a Muslim ban. Instead, Pres. Trump has recommitted himself to religious discrimination, and he can expect continued disapproval from both the courts and the people. The changes the Trump administration has made completely undermine the bogus national security justifications the president has tried to hide behind. and only strengthen the case against his unconstitutional executive orders."

On Immigration: No national emergency for a border wall

The ACLU will argue that President Trump's use of emergency powers to evade Congressional funding restrictions is unprecedented and that 10 U.S.C.  2808, the emergency power that Trump has invoked, cannot be used to build a border wall. Congress restricted the use of that power to military construction projects, like overseas military airfields in wartime, that "are necessary to support" the emergency use of armed forces.

On Principles & Values: FOIA request for Trump's Emoluments conflicts of interest

The sheer number of potential ethical issues facing our new president is sobering. Bipartisan ethics experts have raised alarm bells about Trump's many business interests across the globe. He's reportedly in millions of dollars in debt to foreign countries or entities, including China. He faces mounds of civil lawsuits, with more on the way. Indeed, some have even argued that upon taking the oath of office, the new president is already violating the Emoluments Clause.

On Technology: Access to broadband services for lower income families

Letter to FCC chairman from 15 Senators: We write to express how deeply troubled we are that one of your first actions as FCC Chairman has been to undermine the Lifeline program and make it more difficult for low-income people to access affordable broadband. Lifeline is a critical tool for closing the digital divide. By statute, the FCC has an obligation to ensure "consumers in all regions of the country, including low-income consumers" have access to "advanced telecommunications."

On War & Peace: Unconstitutional for Trump to bomb Syria

On Welfare & Poverty: Critical to let immigrants receive public assistance

Legislative outcome:Passed Senate 29-5-1, Roll Call #305, on Jun/18/15; Passed House 81-63-7, Roll Call #334, on Jun/22/15; Enacted Jul/7/15 without signature from Gov. LePage

On Abortion: Fetal rights don't override a woman's privacy right

ACLU rationale to vote NO: No state interest described by fetal rights advocates has enough force to override a woman's fundamental rights of privacy, bodily integrity, and self-determination, until the child is brought forth from the woman's body. [Advocates] have tried to build support for the notion that the fetus has legal rights independent of the woman carrying it in her womb. Although this concept is sometimes put forward in very sympathetic contexts, it is laced with risks for women's rights.

Legislative Outcome:12/28/19 referred to House Committee for Courts of Justice; died in committee 02/11/20

On Immigration: Opposed requiring local police to enforce immigration laws

Opinion by ACLU 5/22/19: ACLU-VA opposes SB1156, the so-called anti-sanctuary bill, because it is unnecessary legislation that will make our streets less safe. A combination of the Dillon Rule and existing state mandates make the existence of a sanctuary locality a legal impossibility in the Commonwealth.

Veto message from Gov.Northam: This bill would send a clear message to people across this Commonwealth that law enforcement officials are to be feared and avoided rather than trusted and engaged. The safety of our communities requires that all people, whether they are documented or not, feel comfortable reporting criminal activity and cooperating with local law enforcement investigations.

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 51-47-1 on Feb/19/19; Passed Senate 21-19-0 on Jan/17/19; Vetoed by Gov. Northam on Mar/19/19.

On Abortion: Women often don't even know they're pregnant at six weeks

ACLU-FL testimony in opposition: If passed, nearly all abortions would be illegal after 6 weeks, before many women even know they are pregnant, or if they are aware, before they are able to satisfy the state-mandated requirement of two appointments with the doctor separated by at least 24 hours.

Governor's press release in favor 4/13: "We are proud to support life and family in the state of Florida. I applaud the Legislature for passing the Heartbeat Protection Act that expands pro-life protections and provides additional resources for young mothers and families."

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 26-13-1 on Apr/3/23; passed House 70-40-9 on Apr/13/23; signed by Gov. DeSantis on Apr/13/23.

On Crime: Require jury unanimity to impose capital punishment

ACLU-Florida summary in opposition, 2/9: Ends the requirement for unanimous juries in death penalty cases, and allows the imposition of death based on as few as 8 jurors. Allows judges to override a jury's recommendation of a life sentence and instead impose death. Florida will be one of only 2 states that impose death on people without requiring a unanimous jury--a foolish idea for a state that already leads the nation in exonerations of those on death row.

Governor's press release in favor, 4/20: "Once a defendant in a capital case is found guilty by a unanimous jury, one juror should not be able to veto a capital sentence," said Governor Ron DeSantis.

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 29-10-1 on Mar/30/23; passed House 80-30-9 on Apr/13/23; signed by Governor Ron DeSantis on Apr/20/23.

On Education: School choice programs defund public schools

ACLU-FL in opposition: Defunds our public schools and diverts billions of public taxpayer dollars to mostly private Christian religious schools that lack standards of accountability and have a history of discriminating against LGBTQ+ students, students of minority religions, and students with disabilities.

Governor's P.R. in favor 3/27: Florida is number one when it comes to education freedom and education choice, and today's bill signing represents the largest expansion of education choice in the history of the US. When you combine private scholarships, charter schools, and district choice programs, Florida already has 1.3 million students attending a school of their choosing.

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 83-27-9 on Mar/17/23; passed Senate 26-12-2 on Mar/23/23; signed by Governor Ron DeSantis on Mar/27/23.

On Government Reform: Stop intimidating ex-felons with election crimes

ACLU-Florida testimony in opposition, 2/9: To expand OSP's jurisdiction and increase the already significant resources allocated to that office risks that returning citizens [those exiting prison after serving their sentences] will continue to be arrested, prosecuted, and ensnared in the criminal legal system for honest mistakes about their eligibility. It also risks intimidating returning citizens who are eligible to vote.

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 27-12-1 on Feb/8/23; passed House 77-33-9 on Feb/10/23; signed by Governor Ron DeSantis on Feb/15/23.

On Immigration: Challenge flying unauthorized aliens out-of-state

ACLU-Florida testimony in opposition, 2/9: This bill seeks to reestablish an abhorrent program through a different state agency. Because last year's "relocation program" faces several legal challenges, the Governor is now seeking to repeal the original program and create a new one via a different funding stream. This bill wastes taxpayers' money [by] expelling migrant families costing taxpayers millions, including both the private flight costs and legal fees. This Bill hurts families [such as those[ sent to Martha's Vineyard last year [who] arrived with no food, water, or shelter.

Legislative Outcome: Passed Senate 27-2-1 on Feb/8/23; passed House 77-34-8 on Feb/10/23; signed by Governor Ron DeSantis on Feb/15/23.

On Immigration: Disallow warrantless arrests for immigration documents

ACLU-IN statement in opposition (3/2913): U.S. District Court struck down Indiana's immigration law SB590. The law permitted local law enforcement officers to make warrantless arrests of people in possession of certain immigration-related documents, even though the possession of those documents is not a crime. The law also made the use of identification cards issued by consulates of foreign countries illegal. The decision, Buquer v. City of Indianapolis et al, "runs afoul of the Fourth Amendment [because it authorizes state and local law enforcement officers to] effect warrantless arrests for matters that are not crimes."

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 68-31-1 on Apr/29/11; passed Senate 35-15-0 on Apr/29/11; signed by Governor Mitch Daniels on May/10/11; Overturned case #1:11-cv-0708-SEB-MJD on Jan/10/12.

On Civil Rights: Don't ban transgender girls from girls school sports

ACLU statement in opposition: Over 75 anti-trans laws were introduced in 2021. Among them was HB 3293 in West Virginia which bans girls who are transgender from participating in school sports. This ban, and laws like it, are opposed by women athletes, women's sports organizations and medical experts. The lawsuit, filed in federal court, alleges that banning girls from participating in school sports because they are transgender is unconstitutional.

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 78-20-2 on Mar/25/21; passed Senate 18-15-1 on Apr/8/21; signed by Governor Jim Justice on Apr/10/21.

On Abortion: It's a woman's decision about fetus with Down Syndrome

ACLU Ohio in opposition (Dec. 22, 2017): This bill would prohibit a person from performing an abortion if they have knowledge that the woman's decision was influenced by her belief that the fetus has down syndrome. HB 214 inappropriately inserts politics into private medical deliberations, & would discourage open communication between a woman and her doctor. It is not the government's role to decide what can and cannot pass through a woman's mind before deciding to have an abortion. This type of ban sets a dangerous precedent, and opens the door for politicians to further intrude into women's personal health decisions.

Legislative Summary: Passed House 64-31-4 on Nov/1/17; passed Senate 20-12-1 on Dec/13/17; signed by Gov. Kasich on Dec/22/17.

On Drugs: Penalties for fentanyl cause prison overcrowding

ACLU Ohio in opposition (Aug. 1, 2018): The ACLU of Ohio is opposed to SB 1, as it punishes drug addiction while failing to meaningfully effect the overall problem of fentanyl use, abuse, possession, and trafficking. The direct result of SB 1 would be more people--low level addicts and large scale traffickers--in Ohio's prisons for longer periods of time, significantly burdening the already overcapacity prison system in an unproductive way. The bill focuses on punishment and conviction instead of treatment and rehabilitation.

Legislative Summary: Passed Senate 31-1-1 on Jun/27/18; passed House 82-12-5 on Jun/27/18; signed by Governor John Kasich on Aug/1/18.

On Civil Rights: Truthful discussions on racism and sexism in classrooms

Opinion by ABC4 in favor:According to HB427, there are things that should not be addressed by teachers when it comes to racism, sexism, ageism, religious discrimination, & more.

Proposed veto letter by ACLU of Utah:We firmly believe that young people have the right to an inclusive, accurate, and honest education, free from censorship or discrimination. They deserve to learn about our state and nation's past, present, and future in a comprehensive and truthful manner. Unfortunately, we fear H.B.427 may create more problems than it solves, especially when addressing challenging topics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, and systemic injustices.

Legislative Outcome:Passed Senate 18-6-5 on Mar/2/23; passed House 53-18-4 on Mar/3/23; signed by Gov. Cox on Mar/15/23.

On Gun Control: Don't add state mental health records to national database

Analysis by WHYY, 4/13/11: [HB48] would provide mental health records to a national database in an effort to prevent those with severe mental illnesses from purchasing guns. A severely mentally ill's person's health records are not available to firearms retailers outside [Delaware now].

ACLU opposition 5/30/03: The ACLU believes that this easy, warrantless access to our medical information violates the Fourth Amendment. However, because HIPAA regulations have only recently gone into effect, their constitutionality remains largely untested.

Legislative Outcome: Passed House 36-0-5 on Jun/2/11; passed Senate 11-8-2 on May/31/11; signed by Gov. Markell on Jul/13/11