Barack Obama on Principles & Values Junior Senator (IL); President-Elect

Sub-sections under Principles & Values:
• Campaign Themes
• Community Organing
• Community Organizing
• Family of Origin
• Past Campaigns
• Personal History
• Racism & Race
• Religion
• Scandals
• Voting Record
• Other issues under Principles & Values

Bill Ayers is not & will not be involved with my campaign

McCAIN: On Mr. Ayers: I don’t care about an old washed-up terrorist. But as Sen. Clinton said in her debates with you, we need to know the full extent of that relationship.

OBAMA: Mr. Ayers has become the centerpiece of Sen. McCain’s campaign over the last 2 or 3 weeks. So let’s get the record straight. Bill Ayers is a professor of education in Chicago. Forty years ago, when I was 8 years old, he engaged in despicable acts with a radical domestic group. I have roundly condemned those acts. Ten years ago he served and I served on a school reform board. Other members on that board were University presidents who happen to be a Republican. Mr. Ayers is not involved in my campaign. He has never been involved in this campaign. And he will not advise me in the White House. So that’s Mr. Ayers.

FactCheck: Spoke at ACORN events, as well as court case

The Facts:ACORN, a grass-roots community organizing group, faces allegations of filing fraudulent voter registrations in several states. Sen. John McCain, reflecting rising Republican concerns about ACORN, said at the debate “we need to know the full extent of Sen. Obama’s relationship with ACORN.“

While ACORN said Obama ”never organized with or worked for ACORN,“ it does mention other ties. Obama ”accepted two invitations to be an unpaid guest speaker at training for volunteer community leaders organized by Chicago ACORN“ in the early 1990s.

The Verdict:False. Obama’s legal work was his only professional tie to the group, but he also spoke at group events, and his campaign had a contract with a group that worked with ACORN.

My associates are Warren Buffet, Paul Volcker, & Sen. Lugar

OBAMA: Let me tell you who I associate with. On economic policy, I associate with Warren Buffett and former Fed Chairman Paul Volcker. If I’m interested in figuring out my foreign policy, I associate myself with my running mate, Joe Biden or wit Dick Lugar, the Republican ranking member on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, or General Jim Jones, the former supreme allied commander of NATO. Those are the people, Democrats and Republicans, who have shaped my ideas and who will be surrounding me in the White House. And the fact that this has become such an important part of your campaign, Sen. McCain, says more about your campaign than it says about me.

Biden has knowledge, long career, and cares

OBAMA: Joe Biden is one of the finest public servants that has served in this country. It’s not just that he has some of the best foreign policy credentials of anybody. It’s also that he has never forgotten where he came from, fighting on behalf of working families, remembering what it’s like to see his father lose his job and go through a downward spiral economically.

McCAIN: Sarah Palin took on a governor who was a member of her own party when she ran for governor. When she was the head of their energy and natural resources board, she saw corruption, she resigned. She’s given money back to the taxpayers. She’s cut the size of government. She negotiated with the oil companies and faced them down.

Ordinary people found the courage to keep the promise alive

The Ownership Society really means “you’re on your own”

Measure progress by observing how ordinary people are doing

Our government must keep the promise of America

Fulfilling America’s promise means individual participation

To John McCain: We all put our country first

The Republicans make a big election about small things

The American promise is our greatest inheritance

Ally Tony Rezko indicted for kickbacks from Gov. Blagojevich

Rezko managed 30 projects in total, including 11 that were in Obama's state senate district. Foreclosures followed by abandoned properties are the legacy of the Rezko low-income-housing empire.

The Sun-Times exposed the fact that Obama wrote letters to city and state officials supporting his political patron Rezko's successful bid to get more than $14 million from taxpayers to build apartments for senior citizens. The development, Cottage View Terrace, opened in 2002, providing 97 apartments for low-income senior citizens. The letters appear to contradict statements from Obama that he never did any favors for Rezko.

Rezko was indicted in 2007 on federal charges that accuse him of demanding kickbacks from companies seeking state business under Gov. Blagojevich.

Just words? "I have a dream," Just words?

Obama's language almost identically matched the substance and structure of what Patrick had said in Massachusetts. Obama's phrasing was "Don't tell me words don't matter. 'I have a dream.' Just words? 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.' Just words? 'We have nothing to fear but fear itself.' Just words? Just speeches?"

Don't take a chance on me; take a chance on your aspirations

On Feb. 18, the Clinton campaign charged that a speech by Obama included a passage nearly identical to one in a speech delivered two years earlier by Deval Patrick. That same day, a second video clip was posted on YouTube.com showing Obama copying from yet another Patrick speech, nearly word for word, again without attribution to Patrick.

Patrick said, "I am not asking anybody to take a chance on me. I am asking you to take a chance on your own aspirations." Obama said: "I'm not asking you to take a chance on me. I'm also asking you to take a chance on your own aspirations."

Obama issued a nondenial denial: "Deval and I do trade ideas all the time, and you know, he's occasionally used lines of mine. I used some words of his."

OpEd: Themes of "hope" and "change" has numerous antecedents

We have to demand more from ourselves

Michelle: My husband demands you move out of comfort zone

"In 2008, we are still a nation that is too divided. We live in isolation. We don't know our neighbors, we don't talk. We don't realize that the struggles and challenges of all of us are the same. We look at it as 'them' and 'they' and opposed to 'us.'

"We have lost the understanding that in a democracy, we have a mutual obligation to one another. I am here because Barack Obama is the only person in this who understands that. That before we can work on the problems, we have to fix our souls. Our souls are broken in this nation.

"Barack Obama will require you to work. He is going to demand that you shed your cynicism. That you put down your divisions. That you come our of your isolation, that you move out of your comfort zones. That you push yourselves to be better. And that you engage. Barack will never allow you to go back to your lives as usual, uninvolved, uninformed."

I revere the American flag; I don’t refuse to wear flag pins

A: I revere the American flag, and I would not be running for president if I did not revere this country. There’s no other country in which my story is even possible; somebody who was born to a teenage mom, raised by a single mother and grandparents from small towns in Kansas; who was able to get an education and rise to the point where I can run for the highest office in the land. I could not help but love this country for all that it’s given me. I did wear a flag pin yesertday when a veteran handed it to me, on behalf of disabled veterans. I have never said that I don’t wear flag pins or refuse to wear flag pins. This is the kind of manufactured issue that our politics has become obsessed with and distracts us from figuring out how we get our troops out of Iraq and how we make our economy better for the American people.

FactCheck: Yes, refused to wear a flag pin, last year

Actually, in Oct. 2007, he said, “I decided I won’t wear that pin on my chest. Instead, I’m gonna try to tell the American people what I believe will make this country great and hopefully that will be a testimony to my patriotism.” In another interview, Obama said, “The truth is that right after 9/11, I had a pin. Shortly after 9/11, particularly because as we’re talking about the Iraq war, that became a substitute for I think true patriotism, which is speaking out on issues that are of importance to our national security.“

Conservative critics have attacked Obama repeatedly for these remarks and his lack of a flag pin. Recently, Obama accepted a lapel pin given to him a disabled Vietnam veteran. ”It means a lot coming from you,“ Obama said.

Actions can be seen in 20 years of my public service

Wouldn’t be running if I didn’t think I was prepared

FactCheck: Ranked most liberal in Senate, based on 99 votes

Obama’s answer could mislead voters. Although we agree that rankings and labels sometimes don’t have much substance behind them, Obama cited just one of 99 Senate votes selected by National Journal’s reporters and editors for the study. The nonpartisan public policy magazine’s analysis was done according to a rigorous process the publication has been using since 1981. Most of the votes chosen had to do with the minimum wage, renewable energy, health insurance for children, immigration, embryonic stem cell research, and other issues on which it’s not too surprising to see a divide between liberals and conservatives. Clinton ranked 16th most liberal in the Senate

The Clinton years were undeniably better than the Bush years

A: There’s no doubt that there were good things that happened during those eight years of the Clinton administration. That’s undeniable. Particularly, when looked through the lens of the last eight years with Bush, they look even better. So I don’t want to diminish some of the accomplishments that occurred during those eight years.

Turn the page on the failed politics & policies of the past

Made the right decisions that were not politically popular

Gave away all Rezko “boneheaded” donations to charity

Obama has given all the Rezko money currently in his larder to charity, and he has called the land deal [he made with Rezko for Obama’s personal home] “boneheaded,” putting it down to anxieties about purchasing a first home (though his family had previously lived in a Hyde Park condo). No one has alleged that Obama did anything illegal, but his slip-sliding response to questions about Rezko suggests that, should he succeed, he will not drive every pig from the trough.

2 years older than JFK when JFK ran for president

Obama does give a youthful impression. Every time Obama advances a conciliatory idea it conspires with his juvenile appearance, and his deliberative streak can seem like indecisiveness.

On “inexperience”: he wrote policy books that media ignores

The idea of Obama as inexperienced was not merely unproven but the opposite of truth. Since the details of Obama’s life have already been extensively covered in his own books, journalists have little new to do except trying to find holes in Obama’s story.

As Obama noted, “I’ve written two very detailed books that give people a pretty good window into my heart and soul. I’ve given policy speeches on just about every important issue.” It was the media that didn’t want to talk about policies, not Obama. Yet in the media spotlight, the horse race always prevails over policy debates.

Don’t know if life beyond earth; focus on life here on earth

Criticizes voter cynicism from decades of disappointment

According to Obama, ”With such cynicism, government doesn’t become a force of good, a means of giving people the opportunity to lead better lives; it just becomes an obstacle for people to get rid of. Too often, this cynicism makes us afraid to say what we believe.“

Voted with Democratic Party 96.0% of 251 votes.

The Plan: Raise Obama’s profile, including African adventure

Since Obama’s election to the US Senate, Kenyans had adopted him as one of their own, and his rapid ascent to political power in the US had made him a living folk hero in the East African nation, especially among his father’s native tribe, the Luo. A beer named for Obama had gone on the Kenyan market (Senator Beer); a school in rural Kenya was named in his honor; and a play based on his Dreams Memoir had been staged at the Kenyan National Theater.

Assigned RFK’s Senate desk; invokes RFK regularly

It is JFK’s younger brother who was a witty, eloquent, dashing, and politically progressive, 40-something freshman junior senator from a large northern industrial state when he ran for president in 1968, to whom Barack is most frequently compared. Bobby Kennedy, who sat at the same desk Obama was assigned when he first sat in the Senate chamber and who was sworn in on January 4, 1965, 40 years to the day before his political descendant, launched his quest as the electorate was despairing under the rising death count of a badly conceived and ill-defined, no-end-in-sight war.

When Obama invokes Kennedy, he sounds as if he could be reading a passage from his own book. “In a nation torn by war and divided against itself, he was able to look us in the eye and tell us that no matter... how persistent the poverty or the racism, no matter how far adrift America strayed, hope would come again.”

Convention speech understood country yearns for unity

Pro: He was inspiring.

There is not a liberal America and a conservative America--there is the United States of America. There’s not a black America and white America: there’s the United States of America. The pundits like to slice-and-dice our country into Red States for Republicans, Blue States for Democrats. But I’ve got news for them. We worship an awesome God in the Blue States, and we don’t like federal agents poking around our libraries in the Red States. We coach Little League in the Blue States and have gay friends in the Red States. There are patriots who oppose the war in Iraq and patriots who supported it. We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the stars and stripes.

Post-1960s politics more about moral attitude than issues

Americans dislike partisanship--not solution like Dems think

I am convinced that whenever we exaggerate or demonize, oversimplify or overstate our case, we lose. For it is the predictability of our current political debate, that keeps us from finding new ways to meet the challenges we face. It is what keeps us locked in “either/or” thinking: the notion that we can only have big government or no government; the assumption that we must either tolerate 46 million uninsured or embrace “socialized medicine.”

It is such partisanship that have turned Americans off. What is needed is a broad majority who are re-engaged and who see their own self-interest as inextricably linked to the interest of others.

Enlist the American people in the process of self-government

Be strong or be clever and make peace

Guilt is a luxury that not everyone can afford

We’re more decent & compassionate than last 8 years

The destiny of all Americans is inextricably linked

OpEd: Behind "hope & change" rhetoric lays radical views

Obama has borrowed phrases freely even from movies, taking "bamboozled" from Spike Lee's movie about Malcolm X and the phrase "He is the One" from the Matrix movie series. When we look closer at Obama's intellectual legacy, we find him telling us the writers who impressed him included Malcolm X, master of black rage.

Behind the Obama "hope" and "change" rhetoric, we find the verbal mask has covered over the development of a liberal Democratic politician who, in truth, harbors radical views that are extreme even for most Democrats.

Emphasis on cooperation and listening to both sides

Obama did not invent this persona just for the campaign. People who knew him in law school say that he was always good at listening to all sides and bringing people of disparate views together. In his community organizing work in Chicago, cooperation was the key to getting anything done in his inner city poor neighborhood.

¡Sí, se puede! Yes, we can!

But I can’t do this on my own. I need your help. This election could well come down to how many Latinos turn out to vote. And I’m proud that my campaign is working hard to register more Latinos, and bring them into the political process. Because I truly believe that if we work together and fight together and stand together this fall, then you and I--together--will change this county and change this world.

Key issue is McCain following Bush on war & economy

A: Issue #1, how we’re going to keep America safe. John McCain has a vision that is very similar to George Bush’s. He wants to continue in Iraq on the current course. I believe that we need to begin a process of withdrawal, initiate tougher diplomacy and refocus our attention on Afghanistan. That’s going to be a set of issues.

On the economy. John McCain’s main economic platform is to continue the Bush tax cuts and then to add $300 billion worth of corporate tax breaks that aren’t paid for. And then, you know, I think that the American people are going to have to make some decisions about our personal qualities. Obviously, the presidency is more than just a set of talking points. It has to do with the American people lifting the hood and kicking the tires and seeing who do they trust, who do they think can lead us at this moment in history. And those are more intangible qualities, but, you know, those’ll play into this race as well.

This union may never be perfect, but can always be perfected

Go beyond the divisions so that the government can work

Life experiences taught me how to bring people together

A: What I look at is the trajectory of my life because I was raised by a single mom. My father left when I was two, and I was raised by my mother and my grandparents. There were rocky periods during my youth, when I made mistakes & was off course. And what was most important, in my life, was learning to take responsibility for not only my own actions but how I can bring people together to actually have a impact on the world. Working as a community organizer with ordinary people, bringing them together and organizing them to provide jobs and health care, economic security to people who didn’t have it, then working as a civil rights attorney to fight for those who were being discriminated against on the job. It’s the reason that I have the capacity to bring people together, and why I am determined to make sure that the American people get a government that is worthy of their decency and their generosity.

People understand we must bring the country together

I have shown the right judgment to lead

Labels like “most liberal” prevent problem-solving

A: Well, an example of why I was rated the most liberal was because I wanted an impartial office of public integrity. Now, I didn’t know that it was a Democratic issue. I thought that was a good government issue that a lot of Republicans would like to see. So that’s the problem with some of these ratings--how they score things. It uses categories that I think don’t make sense to a lot of Americans.

Q: Are you proud of that designation? To be known as the most liberal voting senator?

A: I don’t think you heard what I just said, which is that the designations don’t make sense. This is what I would call old politics. This is the stuff we’re trying to get rid of. Because the problem is, when we start breaking down into conservative & liberal, [that creates nothing but partisanship]. Those old categories don’t work, and they’re preventing us from solving them problems.

Overcome politics of demonizing opponents

I believe a new kind of politics is possible, and I believe it is necessary. Because the American people can’t afford another four years without health care, decent wages, or an end to this war.

Imagine if next year, the entire nation had a president they could believe in. A president who rallied all Americans around a common purpose. That’s the kind of President we need in this country. And that’s the kind of President I will be.

End politics of division; make it about addition

You said the time has come to move beyond the bitterness and pettiness and anger that’s consumed Washington, to end the political strategy that’s been all about division, and instead make it about addition, to build a coalition for change that stretches through red states and blue states. Because that’s how we’ll win in November, and that’s how we’ll finally meet the challenges that we face as a nation.

We’re choosing unity over division and sending a powerful message that change is coming to America.

We are choosing hope over fear

The time has come for a president who will be honest about the choices and the challenges we face, who will listen to you and learn from you even when we disagree, who won’t just tell you what you want to hear but what you need to know.

Hope is the bedrock of this nation

For many months we’ve been teased, even derided, for talking about hope. But we always knew that hope is not blind optimism. It’s not ignoring the enormity of the task ahead or the roadblocks that stand in our path. It’s not sitting on the sidelines or shirking from a fight. Hope is that thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us if we have the courage to reach for it and to work for it and to fight for it.

Hope is what led me here today, with a father from Kenya, a mother from Kansas, and a story that could only happen in the United States of America. Hope is the bedrock of this nation, the belief that our destiny will not be written for us but by us, by all those men and women who are not content to settle for the world as it is, who have the courage to remake the world as it should be.

If you join me I promise you we can change America

Resounds with American theme of overcoming burden of history

Cultivates comparison to Jack Kennedy

Campaigns assiduously in black churches

Viral video “I Got a Crush on Obama” by Obama Girl

Community politics: merges Alinsky & political activism

Obama’s vision of leadership is a merger between political activism and the community organizing. One might call it “community politics.” Community politics differs from community service, in which the more privileged members of society volunteer to help the poorer. As noble as that may be, it doesn’t create the kind of political empowerment sought by Obama. Instead, community politics aims to transform politics using the techniques of community organizing. Obama’s community organizing approach is to communicate with voters, listen to their suggestions, and convince them to buy in to a set of proposals.

Apply lessons from both Goldwater and McGovern

Conservatives and liberals have learned different lessons from losing. In 1964, when Barry Goldwater was trounced by Johnson, it actually launched today’s conservative movement that culminated in the election of Reagan In 1972, when McGovern was trounced by Nixon, the progressive movement was dead. Democrats always avoided a progressive agenda. After the miserable failures of Gore and Kerry, progressives have argued that Democrats need to follow the conservative approach post-Goldwater and win by standing for something. Obama is trying to bridge these two approaches, to have integrity and progressive values, while simultaneously presenting a more centrist face that appeals across political boundaries.

Invites supporters to join him on “This Improbable Quest”

Obama’s campaign is improbable, but not because he is black and so little known nationally It seems improbable because it defies the political establishment. Obama is a candidate who urges bipartisanship, who calls for ethics reform and changes in the campaign finance systems, and who speaks in grand terms about transforming American politics.

Obama’s biggest flaw may be that he’s not audacious enough, that he holds his tongue to spare feelings. Obama thinks we need to restore faith in government and hope in the better nature of our fellow citizens. But sometimes he seems unwilling to trust the people enough to tell them what he really thinks. Or perhaps he just doesn’t trust the media to let him engage in honesty without destroying his campaign. Instead, Obama’s first instinct too often is to compromise to reach common ground.

Resolve “most electable” vs.“most progressive” by being both

For a long time, progressive have been forced in the Democratic primary to choose between pragmatism and idealism, between delectability and values. In 2004, many Democrats made the unfortunate choic of John Kerry over Howard Dean precisely because they though Dean couldn’t be elected. Obama offers an easy resolution to this program, by being both the most electable and the most progressive candidate among the leaders in the Democratic Party.

Turn the page: invite GOP & independents to join in agenda

A: What I’m talking about is ending the divisive politics that we have in this country. I think it is important for us as Democrats to be clear about what we stand for. But I think we also have to invite Republicans and independents to join us in a progressive agenda for universal health care, to make sure that they are included in conversations about improving our education system and properly funding our public schools. I think turning the page means that we’ve got to get over the special interest-driven politics that we’ve become accustomed to. And most importantly it’s important for us to make sure that we’re telling the truth to the American people about the choices we face.

Seen as both critical outsider and establishment insider

Movements to draft him to run for the presidency in 2008 would take hold on the Internet Not since the days of Jack & Bobby Kennedy had a politician captured so quickly the imagination of such a broad array of Americans. And even the Kennedy comparison would not characterize Obama’s fame properly. Not since Ronald Reagan had a politician bee so adept at sharing his own unwavering optimism with a disheartened electorate. Using the broad power of the modern media as his launching pad, Obama would plot a course that catapulted him from little-known state lawmaker to best-selling author to US Senator to national celebrity. A mixture of idealistic and pragmatist, Obama would move almost overnight from a critic of the established political system inside the Beltway to a player within that system. He would represent both outsider and insider.

People have an urgent desire for change in Washington

A: As I travel around the country, people have an urgent desire for change in Washington. We are not going to fix anything unless we change how business is done in Washington. Part of that is bringing people together. But part of it is also overcoming special interests & lobbyists who are writing legislation that’s critical to the American people. And one of the things I bring is a perspective that says: Washington has to change.

A “hopemonger”, having seen the power of hope

When I got to the Illinois State Senate, people said it was too hard to take on the issue of money in politics, our state had too long a history, too many entrenched interests. But I knew then that we had the people of Illinois on our side. I even found a few folks on the other side of the aisle who were willing to listen. And we passed the first major ethics reform legislation in 25 years.

I know that change is possible. I know where hope leads us. The only reason I’m standing here before you is because of hope. I know what’s possible in America. When I talk about hope, it isn’t just the rhetoric of a campaign; it’s been the cause of my life, a cause I will work for and fight for every single day as your president.

Washington can change if we say: Yes we can

When they say that we can’t finally buy the radios [first responders] need to talk to one another in case of an emergency, we say, Yes we can.

When they say that we can’t bring [our troops] home from Iraq so they can do the job they love back home, we say, Yes we can.

Replace partisan bickering with politics of hope

I’ve been in DC long enough to know that it must change

Portrayed as a multiplier instead of a divider

This neologism was coined by Robert McElvaine of the Jackson, Mississippi Clarion-Ledger: “What America needs is a leader who practices the politics of multiplication rather than division. The person who has the greatest potential to be the Multiplier has just returned from a successful visit to Africa and will be speaking Sunday in Iowa: Sen. Barack Obama of Illinois.”

Pro: America wants a president who will bring us together. The current partisan atmosphere is tiresome. McElvaine is right, we need a unifier.

Con: America voted for President who divided us. In 2004, the majority of us voted for arguably the most divisive president in history.

Pro: A multiplier is electable.

Con: An African-American Multiplier is not electable. McElvaine concedes that a significant fraction of the American electorate would vote against any black candidate.

Progressives should recognize common morality with religion

I am not suggesting that every progressive suddenly latch on to religious terminology. I am suggesting that perhaps if we progressives shed some of our own biases, we might recognize the values that both religious and secular people share when it comes to the moral and material direction of our country. We need to take faith seriously not simply to block the religious right but to engage all persons of faith in the larger project of American renewal.

“Audacity of Hope” to change politics to reflect common good

I told them that government couldn’t solve all their problems. But with a slight change in priorities we could make sure every child had a decent shot at life and meet the challenges we faced as a nation.

This book grows directly out of those conversations on the campaign trail. The ideals at the core of the American experience, and the values that bind us together despite our differences, remain alive in the hearts and minds of most Americans. The topic of this book is how we might begin the process of changing our politics and our civic life. I don’t know exactly how to do it. But I offer personal reflections on those values and ideals that have led me to public life, and myown best assessment of the ways we can ground our politics in the notion of a common good.

Seek common ground, not a moral crusade

Offer real hope-not blind optimism-to the American people

I’m living my parents’ dreams and the American dream

Greatness based on Declaration of Independence, not military

We are one people all defending the United States of America

Want common-sense solutions, not liberal-conservative labels

Headed "Project Vote!" in Chicago in 1990s

Obama worked in same community as Saul Alinsky

Chicago's South Side was a focal point of the civil rights movement in 1968. The legacy of institutionalized South Side racism drew to Chicago a cadre of liberal community organizers, including Obama, who were committed to using the principles of change first developed in Chicago in the 1930s by Sau Alinsky.

Alinsky defined community organization tactics for several generations of America leftists, going back to his early efforts to organize Chicago's Back of the Yards meatpacking neighborhood in the 1930s. Alinsky died in 1972, more than a decade before Obama moved to Chicago to learn his methods. Alinsky's goal was to set in motion a peaceful revolution, using the ballot box, not bombs or bullets, to wrench power from the hands of capitalist elites and business leaders currently in charge.

OpEd: Obama implements Alinsky's ideas of radical change

"Change," for Alinsky, invoked radical socialism and meant the redistribution of wealth Obama means the same, but by hiding the reference he avoids having to be explicit about the radical goal behind the theme.

Alinsky advocated creating change through a set of carefully calculated power-politics tactics, where the end always justified the means. Make no mistake about it: "change" was always Alinsky's code word for creating a socialist revolution, even if the methodology meant radicals would cut their hair, put on business suits, and run for political office.

Used community organizer skills as State Senator

"Oh, no," Obama said, "I'm going to use the same skills as a community organizer." He was stepping onto the political stage with even larger ambitions to organize communities.

In a 1995 interview, Obama said, "What if a politician were to see his job as that of an organizer, as part teacher and part advocate, one who educates voters about the real choices before them? As an elected public official, for instance, I could bring church and community leaders together easier than I could as a community organizer or lawyer."

When Obama says his experience "taught me a lot about listening to people as opposed to coming in with a premeditated agenda," he is reciting pure Alinsky dogma. Listening, in the Alinsky lexicon, is just a tactic. Obama listens because he has been taught the only way to intensify discontent is to use the language of the community itself.

Organizer's method: from issue to action to power

His goal was to find issues around which to mobilize: paths to power. In this Obama followed precepts laid down by the early Chicago activist Saul Alinsky. "Power comes in two forms--money and people. You haven't got any money, but you do have people," he had advised would-be reformers.

The formula for Obama was less prosaic. "Once I found an issue enough people careed about, I could take them into action. With enough actions, I could start to build power," he wrote.

There was a glimmer here of larger hopes. "The only answer is to build up local power bases that can merge into a national power movement that will ultimately realize your goals," Alinsky averred.

1980s: Registered 150,000 voters in Chicago "Project Vote"

Mother named "Stanley Ann" because grandfather wanted a son

Many attribute mother's marriages to being anthropologist

An enthusiastic belief in the 1950s and 1960s that the study of natives could help unlock questions of "natural right" probably explains why even Obama saw his mother in terms of "New Frontier" liberalism. Obama recalls "she was a lonely witness for secular humanism."

Stanley Ann passed away in 1995 from ovarian cancer at the age of 52, the year Obama's autobiography was published. So we cannot ask her what her motivation was to marry Barack Senior and Lolo Soetoro. Did her motivation derive from some intellectual commitment to the third world, or an ideological commitment to ameliorate poverty in foreign countries less economically advanced? Was she rebelling against her parents, or the Christian religion, or the Kansas culture into which she was born? Perhaps her simple answer would have been that she loved both men.

Lived with grandparents in Hawaii over mother in Indonesia

By returning to Indonesia alone and abandoning a son who refused to go back to Indonesia, Stanley Ann went "native," as many commentators harshly suggested. Obama rationalized it was best for him to be alone, so he could finally sort out his search for identity as an African-American.

OpEd: Racial angst from paternal abandonment, not injustice

Nicknamed "Barry the O'Bomber" in prep school basketball

On the outside, teenage Barry Obama as he was known at Punahou, went out for the school basketball team & did his best to fit in socially, while struggling to make modest grades. A member of the varsity squad, though not a starter, Obama was called "Barry the O'Bomber" by teammates because of his long shots. Obama's friends at the time do not remember Obama as an angry black kid. Instead they remember him as fairly normal, just one of them. The one time Obama Senior visited, the two of them fought over Barry's laziness about homework.

Would be first president to have extended family abroad

What personal ties to the White House will come from Kenya? Are all members of the family equally satisfied and finally resolved that they have inherited what they deserve from Obama Senior?

If Obama wins the presidency in 2008. Kenyan prime minister Raila Odinga will correctly perceive that for the first time ever a fellow Luo tribesman is running the United States of America.

Father's family from the Luo tribe of Kenya

Senator Obama's father, Barack Hussein Obama, Sr., was born in 1936 near Lake Victoria, to Onyango's second wife Akumu. A pair of American teachers befriended Obama, Sr. and helped him apply to US universities. In 1959 he secured admission, after many rejections, to the University of Hawaii to study economics: the institution's first African student.

Related to both Vice Pres. Cheney and Pres. Truman

Dunham was a Baptist from the "other side of the railroad tracks." It later emerged that he was also a seventh cousin, once removed, of Vice-President Dick Cheney and also a seventh cousin, twice removed, of President Harry S. Truman. Payne's family did not approve of the liaison, and the pair married in secret a few weeks before Madelyn graduated from high school. She told her parents after she received her diploma.

Mother described as "the original feminist" at 1960 college

On 2 February 1961 the pair slipped away to Maui and were married. The wedding--Obama, "black as pitch," Ann, "white as milk"--would have been illegal in 22 states. Ann dropped out of college. On 4 August Barack Hussein Obama Jr. was born at the Kapi-olani Medical Center in Honolulu.

1999 Congressional loss: "I got my rear end handed to me"

Whatever moved Obama to run, it was not a pleasant experience for the younger man. From the outset Rush's approval rating was more than 70%. Then, not long into the campaign, Rush's son, Huey Rich, was tragically shot on his way home from a grocery store. The young man hung between life and death for four days. The outpouring of sympathy galvanized support for Rush.

Even President Clinton entered the fray and supported Rush, breaking his own policy of not endorsing candidates in primaries. Rush won 60% to 30%--and Obama was forced to admit that "[I got] my rear end handed to me."

Borrowed "Just Words" speech from Mass. Gov. Deval Patrick

On Feb. 18, 2008, the Clinton campaign charged that a speech by Obama in Wisconsin included a passage nearly identical to one in a speech delivered two years earlier by Deval Patrick. The controversy was fueled by a YouTube.com video showing side-by-side segments from Patrick's and Obama's speeches, making the similarity between them obvious. Particularly striking was how both candidates focused on the theme "Just Words," followed by a string of famous quotations that obviously were not just words, but statements of important political moments and causes.

Obama responded, "Deval and I do trade ideas all the time, and he's occasionally used lines of mine, & I used some words of his."

Borrowed "Yes, we can" slogan from Cesar Chavez 1960s UFW

Handpicked as successor by retiring State Senator

Obama's current press secretary has argued that Obama was an eight-year-old when Ayers was active in the Weather Underground and that "any attempt to connect Obama with events of almost 40 years ago is ridiculous." Yet the record shows that connections between Obama and Ayers have actively continued since Obama launched his political career in their living room in 1995. Obama and Ayers served together on the Woods Fund board for three years, beginning in the year Obama joined it.

1996: job of state senator is organizer, teacher, & advocate

5th African-American ever elected to US Senate

1996: Campaigned on unity, but got opponents disqualified

What he practiced, however, was more traditional politics. On the fist working day of 1996 Obama's staff started a series of hearings at the Chicago Board of Election Commissioners to challenge the validity of nominations of his three other rivals. To those who complained that a voter registration activist and civil rights attorney should not use administrative procedures to limit ballot access, Obama replied that the issue was one of competence: "My conclusion was that if you couldn't run a successful petition drive, then that raised questions in terms of how effective a representative you were going to be." All of his opponents were disqualified and Obama ran unopposed in the March primary. He cruised to victory in the overwhelmingly Democratic district in the general election.

After challenging Rep. Rush, got redistricted out

The candidate campaigned frenetically. "We called him the Kenyan Kennedy," said a field worker, because he appeared on elevated subway platforms in the dead of winter without an overcoat, hat or gloves. He ultimately won the endorsement of the Chicago Tribune, but it was not enough. He lost 2-1 in the March, 2000 primary. Later, during redistricting after the 2000 census, Rush saw to it that Obama's street was cut out of his congressional district.

Obama's political capital was at a low ebb. So were his personal fortunes: his bank account was empty.

June 2008: YouTube hit, "I Got a Crush on Obama"

Campaigning on change from the bottom up that King stood for

A: I don’t think Dr. King would endorse any of us. What he would call upon the American people to do is to hold us accountable, and this goes to the core differences in this campaign Change does not happen from the top down. It happens from the bottom up. Dr. King understood that. It was those women who were willing to walk instead of ride the bus, union workers who are willing to take on violence and intimidation to get the right to organize. It was women who decided, “I’m as smart as my husband. I’d better get the right to vote.” arguing, mobilizing, agitating, and ultimately forcing elected officials to be accountable, that’s the key. That has been a hallmark of my career, transparency and accountability, getting the American people involved. That’s how we’re going to bring about change. That’s why I want to be president of the US, to respect the power of the American people to bring about change.

Ran for Congress in 2000 & lost

As a US senator, he supported tort reform, voted against filibustering the nomination of Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court, and backed the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorizatio Act. He favors capital punishment (though only in cases of “heinous” crime). He calls himself a strong supporter of reproductive rights, but in the Illinois legislature he voted present instead of yea on a number of bills concerning parental notification and late-term abortion.

On the stump now, he shies away from “social issues” unless he is speaking to a crowd that expects him to comment.

1990: Elected Law Review president with conservative support

The top job held little appeal for Obama. In 1990 the Review’s staff of about 75 students was riven by intense partisan feuding--large factions of liberals and small bands of conservatives. Obama was one of 19 editors who ran for presidency--after the last conservative was voted out of the competition, that faction threw its support behind Obama, tilting the election in his favor, and bestowing on him the honor of being the first African American to hold the presidency. Obama used some of his appointment power to place conservatives in key editorial positions.

State Senate opponents disqualified on technicality

Palmer lost the congressional primary contest in Nov. 2005 to Jesse Jackson Jr., and then quickly filed to run for her old seat in the March 2006 Democratic primary against Obama--even though she had publicly supported him for the seat.

Obama challenged the legality of her petitions, as well as the legality of petitions from several other candidates in the race. Palmer realized that Obama had called her hand, and she acknowledged that she had not properly acquired the necessary number of signatures. She had no choice but to withdraw from the race. The other opponents were also knocked off the ballot, leaving Obama running unopposed in the primary.

Rather than winning a position in the Illinois General Assembly by ousting an incumbent or taking an open seat, he appeared to have slipped in the back door on a technicality.

Senate 2004 campaign theme: “Yes we can”

• Yes, a politician with the ideals and track record of Obama could make a difference and change lives for the better.
• Yes, a black man could win a US Senate seat.
• Yes, “we”--meaning all people--could make a difference too.

“Now they say we can’t change Washington?” Obama asked in an earnest voice while stepping forward to fill the camera frame. “I’m Barack Obama and I am running for the US Senate to say, ‘Yes, we can.’ ”

Other commercials used the same “Yes, we can” mantra to appeal to different constituencies. Pollsters have consistently found that urban voters lean toward candidates who are change agents.

2004: Won Senate seat against Alan Keyes, 70%-29%

“What could I say? That a literal reading of the Bible was folly?” Obama wrote. “I answered with the usual liberal response in such debates--that we live in a pluralistic society, that I can’t impose my religious views on another, that I was running to be the US Senator from Illinois and not the minister of Illinois. But even as I answered, I was mindful of Keyes’ implicit accusation--that I remain steeped in doubt, that my faith was adulterated, that I was not a true Christian.“

The rest of the way, Obama kept his head in the game and his hands off the porcupine. That November, in perhaps the most anticlimactic moment of Obama’s political ascension, he won the general election by the largest margin of victory in the history of Senate races in Illinois, defeating Keyes by a final tally of 70% to 29%.

Lost Congressional primary in 1999 to Bobby Rush

Favorite movie: “The Godfather”, for respect & family

A: Obama: Oh, I think it would have to be “The Godfather.” One and Two. Three not so much. That saga--I love that movie.

Q: Do you have a favorite scene?

A: I think my favorite has to be, the opening scene of the first “Godfather” where, where the caretaker comes in and, you know, Marlon Brando is sitting there and he’s saying “you disrespected me.” You know “and now you want a favor.” It sets the tone for the whole movie.

Q: And all hell breaks lose, right?

A: Yeah, right. I mean there’s this combination of old world gentility and ritual, with this savagery underneath. It’s all about family. So it’s a great movie. “Lawrence of Arabia.” Great film. One of my favorites--and then “Casablanca.” Who doesn’t like “Casablanca?”

Q: I asked for one!

A: I’m a movie guy. I can rattle off a bunch of movies. But that “Casablanca,” you know.

Father's car crash death may have included alcohol

The truth was first disclosed by London's Daily Mail in a January 2007 expos‚. Obama begins his Dreams from My Father with a scene from 1982, when Obama, having just turned 21, is shaken by a phone call from Africa telling him his father has been killed in a car accident. The narrative omits that Obama Senior killed himself driving drunk.

"Friends say drinking blighted his [Obama Senior's] life," the Daily Mail reported; "he lost both his legs while driving under the influence and also lost his job."

Drunken driving ended Obama Senior's "brilliant" civil service career as a top Harvard-trained econometrician in the newly independent Kenyan government. Then, shortly after Barack Obama Junior's 21st birthday, Obama Senior put an end to the sad drama by killing himself in yet another car crash, once again driving drunk.

Father had wife in Africa when he met and married Ann Dunham

Obama carefully omits the underside of the story, that when his father headed off at age 23 to Hawaii, he was abandoning an African girl named Kezia, whom he had married at age 18. Nor does Obama mention that Kezia was then pregnant wit his father's first child.

The London Daily Mail reports that Obama Senior persuaded Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, a "na‹ve 18-year-old white girl, to marry him, without disclosing to her that he had left behind in Africa a wife he had not divorced."

Father left family for Harvard education

Instead Obama provides the true explanation some hundred pages later: "The New School agreed to pay for everything--enough to pay for all three of us," his mother tells her son. Obama's mother explains why his father abandoned them to go to Harvard: "Harvard just agreed to pay tuition. But Barack [Senior] was such a stubborn bastard, he had to go to Harvard. 'How can I refuse the best education?' That's all he could think about, proving that he was the best."

Father's upbringing was Muslim, although never religious

[In an interview with Barack's uncle, Sayid Obama], Sayid affirmed that he and his brother were both born into a religious Islamic family and were raise as Muslims. "I did not see my brother practice Islam," Sayid recalled, "especially after he came back from his studies in the US; I did not consider him to be very religious." While Kenya is approximately 85% Christian, a Muslim minority dates back to 1730. Listening to Sayid, there is no doubt Obama Senior was a Muslim by birth and upbringing, even if his devotion as a Muslim remained in doubt. The facts are that the Obama family in Africa is a Muslim family of the predominantly Christian Luo tribe.

Visited Africa 3 times; 1986, then 1992 & 2006 with Michelle

"Obama has been in Africa three times," his uncle Sayid insisted. "The first time was in 1986. Then he came again in 1992, when he was collecting material for his autobiography. Then the last time was 2006, when he visited Kenya as a US senator."

In his autobiography, Obama does not disclose clearly the date of the trip to Kenya he discusses, nor does he make clear that he took two separate trips before the autobiography. Rather, we are presented with what evidently is a composite of experiences from both trips, without any way of knowing which related experiences came when.

"The trip in 2006 was the second time Obama came with his wife," Sayid further specified. "He first came with her in 1992, when they were getting ready to get married. Then he visited with her as his wife in 2006." Nowhere in the autobiography does Obama disclose that his wife-to-be accompanied him to Africa on the 1992 trip.

Father had 3 or 4 wives; Barack has at least 5 half-siblings

Barack's uncle Sayid Obama was not even sure how many wives his brother had: 3 or 4, maybe more. There were at least three: the 18-year-old wife, Kezia, whom Obama Sr abandoned when he left Kenya to study in Hawaii; Ann Dunham, Obama Jr's mother, whom Obama Sr abandoned when he left Hawaii to study at Harvard; and Ruth Nidesand, the woman from Harvard who followed Obama Sr back to Kenya and married him there.

The number of children Obama Sr had is equally uncertain. Sayid Obama paused to think when asked how many. "About six," he concluded, although he could not say for sure.

Father came to US on student airlift; JFK funded 2nd airlift

Unfortunately for Obama, the 1959 airlift, which brough 81 Kenyan students to the US, including Obama's father, happened before JFK was inaugurated president and did not benefit from any Kennedy family funding. JFK met with [Kenyan leader] Tom Mboya--but after the 1959 airlift had already occurred. Mboya met with JFK on July 26, 1960, to convince JFK to fund a second airlift of African students to the US. The Joseph P. Kennedy Foundation, decided to give Mboya $100,000 to pay for the second airlift.

To recap: Obama Senior came to the US to study on the first airlift, the one organized by Mboya. JFK was involved in funding only the second airlift and played no part in the first airlift.

If Obama owes his life to any politician, it is to Tom Mboya, not John Kennedy.

GovWatch: “Worked his way thru college” meant 2 summer jobs

The only back-up the campaign provided for this claim was a quote from Obama’s book “Dreams from My Father“ having to do with a construction job he had one summer while he was in college, and an article mentioning his job as a summer associate one year at a big Chicago law firm. We asked a campaign spokesman if Obama held jobs during the school year, or other summer jobs, but he said only, ”He had the two jobs I told you about.“ Unless Obama had a good bit more employment than his spokesman was able to describe for us, it’s a real stretch to claim he ”worked his way“ through school.

Greatest mistake: absence from mother when she died

Obama's mother was diagnosed with ovarian and uterine cancer the same year. She died in Hawaii on Nov. 7, aged 52. Her son, immersed in his campaign, was thousands of miles away. He terms this absence the greatest mistake of his life. Stricken, he traveled to Hawaii to help scatter her ashes in the Pacific. "She was the kindest, most generous spirit I have ever known," he wrote in 2004: "what is best in me I owe to her."

In his 20s, searched for his identity, absent both parents

His mother moved to Indonesia in 1975 to do field work for her PhD dissertation. Obama, about to begin high school chose to remain in Hawaii. He moved back in with his grandparents.

"I was trying to raise myself to be a black man in America, and beyond the given of my appearance, no one around me seemed to know exactly what that meant," Obama wrote. He looked for answers in books. He read the works of great black American intellectuals: James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, and W.E.B. DuBois. But each of these men wound up disappointed and withdrawn. Only Malcolm X's autobiography, his repeated acts of self-creation, Obama said, offered something different. But even that would not provide the answers Obama was seeking. He found himself "utterly alone."

In no other country is my story even possible

It’s a story that hasn’t made me the most conventional of candidates. But it is a story that has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its parts; that out of many, we are truly one.

FactCheck: Took Rezko’s donations, but never represented him

According to an investigation last year, Antoin Rezko was involved in developing at least 30 low-income housing buildings. A number of the buildings fell into disrepair, collecting housing code violations, and Rezko was sued on many occasions. Obama was associated with a law firm that represented the community groups working with Rezko on several deals. There’s no evidence that Obama spent much time on them, and he never represented Rezko directly. So it was wrong for Clinton to say he was “representing Rezko.”

Obama has known Rezko, however, for many years, and Rezko has been a major contributor and campaign fundraiser for him since Obama’s first campaign for the Illinois state Senate.

“Dreams From My Father” is an archetypal search

Archetypal themes, if only metaphorically, point to eternal truths. Obama’s book “Dreams From My Father” chronicles his search for his father [who was mostly absent]. He necessarily becomes an obsession in ways that real and present fathers never do.

Obama REPRESENTS something; doesn’t have to DO anything

What gave Obama the idea that he could run for president? Was it that he had evolved a compelling vision for the nation grounded in deeply held personal convictions? Or was it that he had simply become aware of his power to enthrall whites?

Obama is not a conviction politician. His supporters do not look to him to do something; they loo to him to be something, to represent something.

Obama emerged into a political culture that needed him more as an icon than as a man. But this easy appeal has also been his downfall. It is a seduction away from character and conviction.

The challenge is to achieve visibility an individual, to become an individual rather than a cipher. Unless we get to know who he is--what beliefs he would risk his life for--he could become a cautionary tale, an iconic figure who neglected to become himself.

Won Grammy for recording “Dreams from My Father”

As an image-building tool, “Dreams from My Father” has been remarkably effective. But it is too unorthodox to serve as a press release. Not only are there damning references to coke sniffing and dope smoking, but the book also offers a detailed account of his gnawing ambivalence as a young man growing up in a double bind.

When he embarks for Kenya to meet his African family he sees himself as “a Westerner not entirely at home in the West, an African on his way to a land full of strangers... I felt as if I were living out someone else’s romance.”

Real estate deal with felon was “boneheaded” but ethical

[After accusations of an unethical deal, press investigations showed that], Obama paid fair market value for his portion of the land [as did Rezko]. Rezko was indicted for fraud [unrelated to real estate], but at the time Obama bought his house, there was no public indication of Rezko’s problems.

Obama declared, “I am the first to acknowledge that it was a boneheaded move for me to purchase from Rezko.” Despite all the rumors about Obama and Rezko, none of the evidence indicated any wrongdoing. The mistake Obama made was to have any dealings at all that would give the appearance of impropriety.

First major politician of the post-Baby Boom generation

Obama suggested he may have “a particular ability to bring the country together around a pragmatic, commonsense agenda for change that probably has a generational element to it as well. America is ready for new challenges. This is our time. A new generation is prepared to lead.“ He promised a new kind of politics instead of the ”24-hour, slash-and-burn, negative-ad bickering, small-minded politics that doesn’t move us forward.“

As the first major politician of the post-baby boomer era, Obama appeals to Gen-Xers who have lived in the shadow of baby boomers and have faced the accusation that those who grew up in the 1970s & early 1980s were self-centered and indifferent to social causes

Most decisive moment: transition from high school to college

A: A decisive moment in my life was the transition from high school to college, because I had gone through a difficult time, not knowing my father, and was, at times, an angry young man. And partly because of the values my mother had instilled in me, those were reawakened in college. And it made me serious about, not just what I could do for myself, but what I could do for other people. It’s what led me to become a community organizer. It’s what led me to go into public service. And ultimately, it’s what led me to this stage.

High school jock--played football as defensive lineman

As a high school freshman, he played defensive line on the football team and was described as a strong lineman, “a real people mover.”

Even with his mother gone, [his grandmother] Madelyn said, Barry was essentially a well-behaved teen who spent most of his time involved in sports. “He was a jock,” she said.

Goal as youth: Leave the world a better place

Obama, without argument, is imbued with an abiding sense of social and economic justice. He is an earnest, thoughtful, occasionally naive man who has a strong sense of moral purpose, a trait driven into him by his ardently progressive mother.

But Obama is far more complex than just a crusading dreamer aiming to “give voice to the voiceless and power to the powerless,” in his own oft-spoken words. He is an exceptionally gifted politician who, throughout his life, has been able to make people o

Planned on presidency since well before 2004 Convention

In just a couple of years, he rose from obscure state lawmaker to national celebrity pursued by paparazzi on his family vacation. He struggled through a self-described “painful year” of just 3 or 4 hours of sleep per night in order to write a best-selling book that would assure his family’s financial security & nurture his burgeoning political career. He would be discussed endlessly in the mainstream and alternative media as potentially the first African American to hold the Oval Office. He became a prideful and iconic symbol for millions of black Americans; and he would secure his role as a major national voice for Democrats.

Dreams from My Father originally about Harvard Law Review

This wasn’t the book Obama originally sold to his publisher. He had pitched them a work about his experience as the first African-American president of the prestigious Harvard Law Review. After all, at the time, Obama was a modest 33 years old, and his Law Review presidency was his only claim to any modicum of fame.

When Obama began writing, an autobiographical memoir poured forth. Upon its release in 1995, the book sold a few thousand copies, generated mostly positive reviews, and then it faded into obscurity.

That changed dramatically when Obama shot to national fame in 2004. The publisher quickly ran off several new printings, promoted it vigorously, and the book landed on the best-seller lists, giving Obama the first shot of financial wealth in his life.

Favorite authors: E. L. Doctorow & Shakespeare

When I asked Obama to name his favorite author, he cited E. L. Doctorow, the critically acclaimed novelist and outspoken political liberal. The next day, during a phone conversation on a different matter, he made it a point to say that he wanted to change his answer--to William Shakespeare.

Some politicians are infamous for casually mentioning high-minded work that is currently on their nightstand in order to give the impression of being a deep thinker. It is difficult to imagine most politicians digesting Shakespeare before extinguishing the bedroom light. Yet Obama’s erudite nature and his own ambitious writings made that answer seem quite plausible.

To understand Obama, understand Hawaii’s cultural mix

Hawaii’s has grown considerably since Obama’s youth, but the essence of the islands’ mix of various Asian, Polynesian and Western cultures has persevered. Meeting Obama’s half-sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng, and grandmother, Madelyn Dunham, in Hawaii, opened my eyes to Obama’s formative years. The atmosphere of [Obama’s school] campus gave me a sense of the unflappable Hawaiian nature at Obama’s core.

The night of his Senate primary victory, for example, reporters marveled curiously at Obama’s exceptionally cool exterior as others around him exhibited jubilation. One of Obama’s greatest talents is that, even in the midst of chaos, he has the ability to project serenity. Hawaii, if not fully responsible, most certainly contributed heavily to this trait.

Father was first African exchange student at U. Hawaii

Obama’s father was the son of Hussein Onyango Obama, a prominent farmer in Kenya’s Luo tribe. As a boy, Barack Sr. herded goats on the family farm near a poor village called Kolego near Kenya’s Lake Victoria. He stood out academically in a local school established by the British colonizers and won a scholarship & then a sponsorship for study at the University of Hawaii.

But when he came to America, his father left a pregnant wife and child back in Kenya. When he returne to Africa, he took another American woman with him, eventually marrying her and having two additional children. An atheist with an analytical mind, he worked for a petroleum company, and for a time he was a chief economist for the Kenyan government.

Met Michelle Robinson at law firm; married in 1990

She thought it would be improper to date an employee she was assigned to train. In addition, they were the only two African Americans at the law firm. “I thought, ‘Now how would that look?’ ” Michelle said. “Here we are, the only two black people here, and we are dating. I’m thinking that looks pretty tacky.”

Michelle tried to set up Obama with a friend, but he showed no interest in anyone but her. Eventually, she relented and agreed to a date. When Obama married Michelle in 1990, he also married into her budding network among Chicago’s community of successful white-collar African Americans.

A reformed smoker but occasionally burns one

Traces ancestry to Jefferson Davis, President of Confederacy

Ann Dunham was the Kansas-born daughter of a furniture store manager who harbored a bohemian streak. Ann’s mother traced a branch of her family lineage to a famous ancestor-- Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America.

The Dunhams moved to the islands in 1960. The two began dating and after a brief courtship, wed--an act that in 1960 was a crime in most states. Newly admitted to the Union, however, Hawaii was young and relatively tolerant, and the family history includes no accounts of Obama’s parents suffering abuse on the streets of Honolulu.

His father later earned his PhD from Harvard, but separated from Ann. He returned, alone, to Kenya, where he became an economist in the administration of the new nation.

Personal story is basis of political desire to unite

Greeted as hero on visit to ancestral Kenya

Obama and his family flew to Kisumu where 1000s lined the route, many climbing trees for a better view of the motorcade carrying the American that the local Luo tribespeople loudly claimed as their own.

In Kogelo, the tiny village where Obama’s father and grandfather are buried side by side and where the octogenarian Luo he calls “Granny” still lives, crowds chanted his name, a tribal singer sang his praises, and children sang songs they had composed in his honor.

“Even though I had grown up on the other side of the world, I felt the spirit among the people who told me that I belonged.”

Father died in car crash before Barack got to know him

The way she told the story, he saw the depth of her enduring love for his father. Even though he had left her with a baby to raise, she loved him. “She saw my father as everyone hopes at least one other person might see them.“

Any hope of that appeared to end just a few months later when he received a telephone call from Nairobi. His father had been killed in a car crash. He was 46. His son did not shed a tear.

[Years later, when visiting Kenya], Obama stood before his father’s unmarked grave. He felt he knew and understood and forgave his father for the first time. His father had not succumbed to despair. He had had the audacity to hope. And for the first time, his son wept for him.

Moved to Illinois as community organizer, for $13,000 a year

My work took me to some of Chicago’s poorest neighborhoods. I joined with pastors and lay-people to deal with communities that had been ravaged by plant closings. I saw that the problems people faced weren’t simply local in nature--that the decision to close a steel mill was made by distant executives; or that the lack of textbooks and computers in schools could be traced to the skewed priorities of politicians a thousand miles away.

It was in these neighborhoods that I received the best education I ever had, and where I learned the true meaning of my Christian faith.

Born in Hawaii; lives on Chicago’s South Side

Barack Obama was born on August 4th, 1961, in Hawaii to Barack Obama, Sr. and Ann Dunham. Obama graduated from Columbia University in 1983, and moved to Chicago in 1985 to work for a church-based group seeking to improve living conditions in poor neighborhoods plagued with crime and high unemployment.

Full name: Barack Hussein Obama; family calls him “Barry”

Con: let’s face it, having a name that rhymes with “Iraq” is not a plus.

Pro: “Barack” is a cool name. Parents all over the US spend hours and days searching for distinctive names for their little princes. “Barack” is a less annoying than “LaTreyell.”

Con: The guy shares a name with Saddam Hussein. This is not helpful. Inspired by his Muslim grandfather.

Pro: This should help him with Arab-American voters.

Con: “Obama” is a weird name.

Pro: “Obama” is a cool Kenyan name..

Pro: His family calls him “Barry.” “Barry” sounds reassuringly normal. “Barry” sounds like he is “one of us”: it sounds like he belongs to America, not Kenya

First black president of the Harvard Law Review

When Obama was 2, his father left the family, returning to Kenya, where he eventually became a senior economist in the Ministry of Finance. Obama graduated from Columbia University in New York, and received his law degree from Harvard Law School. He became the first black president of the prestigious Harvard Law Review.

He worked as a community organizer in New York and Chicago on job-training programs and other projects, and as a civil rights lawyer. He is now a senior instructor in constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School.

Poverty of political organizers was proof of their integrity

1995: Participated in Million Man March

Apocryphal story: race awareness began with skin-bleach ad

The only problem is that Life reported no such issue ever existed. Obama suggested it might have been Ebony. Ebony's archivists could find no such article, either.

Skin-lightening chemicals had been marketed to African-Americans for decades. Obama didn't have to get the idea from an article in Life. The story of Life magazine is apocryphal at best. At any rate, the memory of the event/nonevent is so firmly planted in Obama's mind that it seems to have become an emotional truth for him, as equally powerful psychologically as a real experience.

Taking a black candidate for granted is measure of progress

A: Well, Michelle had a conversation with Malia, who’s our 9-year-old. Michelle said, “You know, Daddy’s about to be nominated for the presidency, and he’ll be the first African American ever to have that happen.” And Malia said, “Well, that doesn’t surprise me. I’ve read these histories about how blacks were discriminated against with slavery and Jim Crow,“ and she sort of ticked it off. But you could tell that there wasn’t that emotional impact on her because she has grown up in this environment where she can take it for granted. And the fact that they’re taking it for granted is a measure of progress in our country. It says something really good about America. It’s a testament to this country’s urge to live up to its ideals, as imperfectly as that is sometimes.

Rev. Wright and flag pins re distractions from real issues

A: Absolutely. And so the question becomes, how do voters draw conclusions about my values? Do they look at the 20 years in which I have devoted my life to community service? Do they look at how I’ve raised my children? That’s a reflection of my values. I don’t think that the issue of Rev. Wright is illegitimate. I just think that the way it was reported was not a reflection of both that church that I attend and who I am. On flag pins, you know, I’ve worn flag pins in the past. I will wear flag pins in the future. The fact that I said that some politicians use flag pins and then aren’t acting in a particularly patriotic way, for that to somehow be translated into me being antipatriotic or antiflag--I think that is a distraction

FactCheck: William Ayres never killed anyone with bombs

In fact, nobody died as a result of bombings in which Ayers said he participated as part of the Weather Underground. Other members were associated with 5 deaths, but none in which Ayres was present.

Ayers did say “I don’t regret setting bombs” and “I feel we didn’t do enough” regarding the group’s violent protests against the Vietnam War. That was in a NY Times interview that was published the morning of September 11, 2001. Ayers is now a professor of education in Chicago. Obama and Ayers served together for a time on the board of an antipoverty charity, the Woods Fund of Chicago, from 1999 to 2002.

Epiphany at age 21 settled his racial identity

As his father had done at a similar age, Obama, perhaps aware that the chips were down, now threw himself into his studies. At this point, he decided to try to become a community organizer, to help bring about change in black communities through grassroots efforts.

This candidacy is not just an exercise in affirmative action

On one end of the spectrum, we’ve heard the implication that my candidacy is somehow an exercise in affirmative action; that it’s based solely o the desire of wild and wide-eyed liberals to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap. On the other end, we’ve heard my former pastor, Jeremiah Wright, use incendiary language to express views that have the potential not only to widen the racial divide, but views that denigrate both the greatness and the goodness of our nation, and that rightly offend white and black alike.

I have already condemned, in unequivocal terms, the statements of Rev. Wright that have caused such controversy and, in some cases, pain. For some, nagging questions remain.

Rev. Wright’s comments were not only wrong, but divisive, divisive at a time when we need unity, racially charged at a time when we need to come together to solve problems that confront us all.

We’ve never really worked through complexities of race

The fact is that the comments that have been made and the issues that have surfaced over the last few weeks reflect the complexities of race in this country that we’ve never really worked through--a part of our union that we have not yet made perfect. And if we walk away now, if we simply retreat into our respective corners, we will never be able to come together and solve challenges like health care or education or the need to find good jobs for every American.

Working together we can move beyond some old racial wounds

But I have asserted a firm conviction, a conviction rooted in my faith in God and my faith in the American people, that working together we can move beyond some of our old racial wounds, and that in fact we have no choice if we are to continue on the path of a more perfect union.

For the African-American community, that path means embracing the burdens of our past without becoming victims of our past. It means continuing to insist on a full measure of justice in every aspect of American life.

Intertwined search for father and racial identity

A Bound Man: inner turmoil of 1960s black nationalism

Rooted in African-American community but also more than that

He was “rooted,” he said, in the African- American community, but he was also “more than that.” This is the formulation of a man with a complex identity trying to make himself more recognizable to a society not used to pondering his like. Yet, this is also a formulation that reduces Obama’s identity to a banality. What could “rooted” or “more than that” mean? For that matter, what could “African-American community” really mean? A culture? A politics?

To become recognizable, he processes himself through the same dumb racial math-- he is one thing plus something else--that has been the source of his vulnerability. He collaborates with the racial conventions that made him an odd man out. Yet a great part of Obama’s appeal in broader America can be chalked up to his complex identity.

Embodies smothering racial power in individual democracy

It doesn’t matter that he sometimes goes along with race-based policies, or that he made his own Faustian bargain with affirmative action. No one is excited because Obama nods to identity politics; people are excited because he represents an idealism that opposes such politics. Any black who takes on the near-absolute visibility that goes with seeking such high office will function as both a man and a symbol, and sometimes the two will be at odds. So it is not surprising that Obama the man may vary a bit from Obama the symbol.

More influenced by his race than public perceives

But Obama is not such a person. His books show a man driven by a determination to be black, as if blackness were more an achievement than a birthright. And this need within him puts Obama at odds with himself. His plausibility as a candidate comes, in part, from the perception that he is not driven to be black, that he is rather lightly tethered to his race. But the very arc of his life has been greatly influenced by an often conscious resolve to belong irrefutably to the black identity.

In college, rejected multiracialism for black identity

Joyce opposes blackness out of the same determination to claim an identity that drives Obama to embrace blackness. Obama is determined to distance himself from her & his own mainstream American past. Joyce represents a remarkable new option in American life. Joyce says that whites are “willing to treat me like a person.” Blacks are “the ones who are telling me I can’t be who I am.”

Joyce is Obama’s troublesome doppelganger as he grinds through the self-betrayals that help him belong to blackness. What you want, she murmurs--the chance to be yourself, self-acceptance--is not with blackness; it is in the same mainstream you came from.

Whites sense that Barack grants them “benefit of the doubt”

“White folks” is a term that shames Obama. It is bigotry because it paints all whites with the same brush. He has to give whites their innocence until they prove unworthy of it. That is what white Americans sense in Barack Obama. On pain of his own integrity, he cannot be challenger.

Challengers, like Obama’s black friend Ray, deprive whites of their racial innocence until they do something to earn it.

Challengers [like Al Sharpton] have come to play an unexpected role in the Obama saga. It is precisely against the specter of an Al Sharpton that a Barack Obama looks so “fresh” and “appealing.” Sharpton makes the point--better than Obama’s most savvy speechwriter could--that Obama is a black man for all people, a black man who gives whites “the benefit of the doubt.

Fans see Obama as opportunity to vote for redemption

Obama is bound to the antiresponsibility political left because his fate depends on his ability to offer innocence to whites--this despite the fact that he clearly seems to accept the importance of individual responsibility in social reform. Yet he offers no thinking on how to build incentives to responsibility into actual social policy.

Bradley effect: black candidates poll above actual votes

Is the Bradley effect history? A 1958 poll found that 53% of Americans admitted they would not vote for a black presidential candidate. In 2003, only 6% said they would not vote for a black president. The people who voted against Bradley, Wilder, and Dinkins despite telling pollsters the opposite were those who, in the abstract, were racist toward black candidates. But in generational terms, openly racist voters have mostly died off.

Veiled racism in dismissing Obama as “unqualified”

One pundit wrote: “There is nothing he can do to address his major shortcoming: the absence on his resume of the kind of major achievement that qualifies a person for the White House.” Of course, Obama has many achievements, and it is hard to find a major achievement of most senators running for president.

Obama’s experiences challenge the conventional wisdom of the establishment. Obama is a different kind of outsider. He is an outsider accustomed to working with legislators from the other party, and an outsider committed to pragmatic solutions.

Catching a cab, no one questions he’s “authentically black”

A: You know, when I’m catching a cab in Manhattan--in the past, I think I’ve given my credentials. But let me go to the broader issue here. And that is that race permeates our society. It is still a critical problem. But I do believe in the core decency of the American people, and I think they want to get beyond some of our racial divisions. Unfortunately, we’ve had a White House that hasn’t invested in the kinds of steps that have to be done to overcome the legacy of slavery and Jim Crow in this country. And as president, my commitment on issues like education, my commitment on issues like health care is to close the disparities and the gaps, because that’s what’s really going to solve the race problem in this country.

Issue of race has given Senate a black eye

Convention keynote speech highlights party’s black targeting

The announcement from the Kerry campaign came on the same day that the Democrat launched $2 million worth of ads for television, radio and newspapers targeting black voters. Democrats handily won the black vote in 2000 by a 9-to-1 margin, and the party and Kerry campaign want to boost that turnout this November.

Obama’s Republican opponent Jack Ryan dropped out last month over embarrassing allegations in his divorce papers. The GOP’s top choices have refused to run, sending Republicans scrambling to line up opposition.

America’s race and class problems are intertwined

There is some hope of eventual reconciliation between races

Racism wasn’t merely the cruelty involved, but arrogance too

FactCheck: Did not say “I will stand with the Muslims”

Origins: These cherry-picked statements are presented devoid of context, and some are reworded from the original.

“I will stand with the Muslims should the political winds shift in an ugly direction.”

This statement is a rewording of a passage from page 261 of The Audacity of Hope. The original contains no specific mention of “Muslims”:

“In the wake of 9/11, my meetings with Arab and Pakistani Americans, for example, have a mor urgent quality, for the stories of detentions and FBI questioning and hard stares from neighbors have shaken their sense of security and belonging. They have been reminded that the history of immigration in this country has a dark underbelly; they need specific reassurances that their citizenship really means something, that America has learned the right lessons from the Japanese internments during World War II, and that I will stand with them should the political winds shift in an ugly direction.

First American president not raised in a Christian home

Religious Left calls Obama "called" and "anointed"

Rush is not alone in this. Increasingly, words such as called, chosen, and anointed are being used of Obama. Though these terms have long belonged to the native language of the Religious Right, they are now becoming the comfortable expressions of an awakened Religious Left, of a faith-based Progressive movement. Moreover, they are framing the image of Barack Obama in the minds of millions of Americans.

Perhaps this is what comes from a need to paint politicians in messianic terms. Perhaps this is what comes, in part, from a people believing themselves a chosen nation.

Grandmother raised as strict Methodist, but saw hypocrisy

These hypocrisies were not lost on Madelyn Payne. She would tell her grandson often of the "sanctimonious preachers" she had known and of the respectable church ladies with absurd hats who whispered hurtful secrets and treated those they deemed beneath them with cruelty. What injustice, she would insist, that men who sat on church boards should utter "racial epithets" and cheat the men who worked for them. Barack regularly heard such bitter sentiments in his grandparents' home, sentiments that profoundly shaped his early religious worldview.

Mother raised in Unitarian Church with secular values

The Unitarian Affirmation of Faith does serve to hint at what the Dunhams accepted as true: "the fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of man, the leadership of Jesus, salvation by character, and the progress of mankind onward and upward forever." However, they were likely skeptics--Barack says that Madelyn espoused a "flinty rationalism"--regarding the divinity of Jesus, whom they would have accepted as one good moral teacher among many but certainly not a god.

Mother declared herself an atheist during high school

During after-school gab sessions in the coffee shops of Seattle, her friends began to realize how fully Ann had thought through her beliefs. "She touted herself as an atheist, and it was something she'd read about and could argue," remembers Dunham's best friend in high school. "She was always challenging and arguing and comparing. She was already thinking about things that the rest of us hadn't." Another friend explains, "[Ann was] a fellow traveler.... We were liberals before we knew what liberals were."

Father rejected Muslim faith and witch doctors of his youth

Though he now spent weekends with Ann, listening to jazz, drinking beer, and debating politics and world affairs with their friends, he had only a few years before lived a Kenyan village life, herding goats and submitting to the rituals of a village witch doctor. Now, in the West, he had rejected the Muslim faith of his youth just as he rejected the babblings of all witch doctors. Religion is superstition, he insisted. It falls to man to fashion his own fate and the fate of his nation. This was what he intended to do when he finished school and returned to Kenya.

Things moved quickly for Ann and her new love. Sometime late in the fall of 1960, she conceived a child. Several months into 1961, she and Barack married.

Obama's Trinity Church is based on black-liberation theology

Wright was insisting that the inflammatory remarks in his sermons at Trinity United Church of Christ derived from years of teaching that had coalesced into a comprehensive theology known as "black-liberation theology." In other words, Wright was arguing that as off-the-wall as statements from his sermons might sound when taken out of context, those statements were consistent with the teachings of prominent black-liberation theologians.

Black-liberation theology is an inherently radical theology that owes its origins to radical black political thinkers, including Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X.

Deciding to be baptized in Trinity United, Obama had to comprehend he was joining a church whose principles were based on the black-liberation theology Rev. Wright professes.

Moved to & attended church in neighborhood he was organizing

In explaining his success in organizing Chicago's Back of the Yards, Alinsky said, "the first thing I always do, is to move into the community as an observer, to talk to people and listen and learn their grievances and their attitudes." After being hired, Obama followed Alinsky's rules by moving into the Hyde Park-Kenwood area he had been assigned to organize.

Why did he decide to join Rev. Wright's controversial Trinity Church? Obama openly admits, in terms Alinsky would easily have understood, "I was drawn to the power of the African-American religious tradition to spur social change." Obama was made to understand that he could not ignore the African-American church if were to succeed as a community organizer.

No madrassa, but was introduced to Islam as a child

Source: Obama Nation, by Jerome Corsi, p. 51 Aug 1, 2008

GovWatch: never a Muslim, but school listed him as Muslim

The ad is based on a seemingly solid fact, that Obama was “enrolled as a Muslim” in a Catholic school in Indonesia in 1967, when Obama was six years old. The ad misses out key facts: Obama was required to participate in the school’s Catholic rituals and pray four times a day. Teachers said that he was probably registered as a Muslim because this was the religion of his then-Indonesian step-father. More importantly, the same school ledger that listed Obama as “Muslim” also listed Obama as an Indonesian; gave an inaccurate name for his previous school; and made no mention of his mother. The campaign concludes that Obama “is not, and was never, a Muslim.” [We agree].

I joined church to commit to Christ, not to Rev. Wright

A: Well, obviously it’s distracted us. I mean, we ended up spending a lot of time talking about Reverend Wright instead of talking about the issues. And so it wasn’t welcome. But, you know, I think that the American people understand that when I joined Trinity United Church of Christ, I was committing not to Pastor Wright, I was committing to a church and I was committing to Christ. And it is a wonderful church. It’s a member of the United Church of Christ, a denomination that dates back to the battles around abolition. And, as a consequence, when Rev. Wright, who married me and baptized our children, when I learned of his statements that I found so objectionable, I felt that they didn’t define him. I don’t think Rev. Wright’s [more recent comments] represented well the church. And I had to make a clear statement [against Wright]. Hopefully we’ve been able to put it behind us.

In hard times, people take refuge in traditions, God & guns

OBAMA: I think there’s no doubt that I can see how people were offended. It’s not the first time that I’ve made a statement that was mangled up. It’s not going to be the last. But let me be very clear about what I meant: People are going through very difficult times right now. When people feel like Washington’s not listening to them, then politically they end up focusing on those things that are constant, like religion. They end up feeling “This is a place where I can find some refuge. This is something that I can count on.” They end up being much more concerned about votes around things like guns, where traditions have been passed on.

I am a person of faith; and I reach out to people of faith

OBAMA: Hillary has been saying I’m elitist, out of touch, condescending. Let me be absolutel clear. It would be pretty hard for me to be condescending towards people of faith, since I’m a person of faith and have done more than most other campaigns in reaching out specifically to people of faith, and have written about how Democrats make an erro when they don’t show up and speak directly to people’s faith. The same is true with respect to gun owners. I have large numbers of sportsmen and gun owners in my home state, and they have supported me precisely because I have listened to them.

Blacks are angry; but I dissociate myself from Rev. Wright

OBAMA: Rev Wright is somebody who made controversial statements, & I specifically said that those comments were objectionable; they’re not comments that I believe in. And I disassociated myself with them. But the body of Reverend Wright’s work, over the course of 30 years, were not represented in those snippets that were shown on television: the church has done outstanding work in ministries on HIV/AIDS, and prison ministries. So I’ve tried to speak to a broader context, which is that there is anger in the Africa American community that sometimes gets expressed, whether in the barbershop or in the church. That’s true not just in the African American community, but in other communities as well. My candidacy represents the opportunity to move beyond it.

Religion is foundational; not clinging nor elitist

A: Scripture talks about clinging to what’s good. My words may have been clumsy, but [I meant] religion is a foundation when other things aren’t going well. That’s true in my own life, through trials and tribulations.

Q: Hillary Clinton says you’re being elitist.

A: My entire trajectory, not just during this campaign, but long before, has been to talk about how Democrats need to get in church, reach out to evangelicals, link faith with the work that we do. The notion that somehow I am standing above that when that essentially describes much of what I’ve been doing over the last 20 years doesn’t make much sense.

Rev. Jeremiah Wright helped bring me to Christianity

A: Well, I actually wrote about this in my second book “Audacity of Hope.” I had worked as an organizer on the South Side. The community was in difficult straits. I had been raised in a spiritual but nonreligious home. But as I’m doing this organizing, I started visiting some churches. Trinity United Church of Christ was one. I visited that church and found the ministries that they were doing on HIV/AIDS, and on prison ministries, and Rev. Wright’s sermons spoke directly to the social gospel, the need to act and not just to sit in the pews. I found that very attractive and ended up joining the church. Now, there’s been this notion that he was my spiritual adviser. You know, he’s been just my pastor--there are areas where we’ve disagreed. [But the recent uproar has been] both a distortion of who he is and what the church has been about.

Exposure to Islam taught me that Muslims can partner with us

A: Well, I lived in Indonesia for 4-1/2 years when I was a child. The first school I went to in Indonesia was a Catholic school I then attended a public school, but the majority of the country was Muslim. And the brand of Islam that was being practiced in Indonesia at the time was a very tolerant Islam. The country itself was explicitly secular in its constitution. So what it taught me, and what it still teaches me, as I think about foreign policy now, is that Islam can be compatible with the modern world. It can be a partner with the Christian & Jewish & Hindu & Buddhist faiths in trying to create a better world. And so I am always suspicious of attempts to paint Islam with a broad brush because the overwhelming majority of the people of the Islamic faith are people of good will, as opposed to the overheated political rhetoric of assuming a clash of civilizations

Kenyan grandfather converted to Christianity & then to Islam

Senator Obama's father, Barack Hussein Obama Sr., was born in 1936, also near Lake Victoria, to Onyango's 2nd wife Akumu.

A pair of American teachers befriended Obama Sr. and helped him apply to US universities. In 1959 he secured admission, after many rejections, to the University of Hawaii to study economics: the institution's first African student.

Obama Sr. wore religion lightly. "Although my father had been raised a Muslim, by the time he met my mother he was a confirmed atheist, thinking religion to be so much superstition," his son wrote.

Barack's UCC church motto: Unabashedly Black & Christian

Wright, a former marine, built the church from 87 members in 1972 to over 8,500 by the 1980s. The congregatio included people of all races and more than a few celebrities, including television host Oprah Winfrey.

The Reverend, as Obama described him, was acutely aware of the challenges faced by African-Americans. The church he built, however, preached inclusion--and there Obama saw power. "By widening its doors to allow all who would enter, Trinity assured its members that their fates remained inseparably bound. It was a powerful program, more sustaining than my own brand of organizing," he concluded.

Father was raised Muslm but became an atheist

We should be guided by what works

The result is a politician who asserts that we are all linked, and that while idealism must serve realism, pragmatism requires purpose. His latest book, which carries the inspirational title The Audacity of Hope, contains the following conclusion: "We should be guided by what works."

Registered as Muslim at Catholic & secular Indonesian school

Obama transferred to SDN Menteng 1, an elite secular public elementary school that served primarily middle- and upper-class children. He was the only foreigner.

For administrative purposes, Obama was registered as a Muslim at this school, as at the Catholic institution, because that was the religion of his stepfather. He learned about Islam for two hours each week. His mother did not belong to any denomination. His stepfather enjoyed alcohol and was not devout. Obama has never been a practicing Muslim.

I am a proud Christian who believes deeply in Jesus Christ

Despite attack email, pledges Allegiance & uses Bible

A: First of all, let’s make clear what the facts are. I am a Christian. I have been sworn in with a Bible. I pledge allegiance and lead the Pledge of Allegiance sometimes in the US Senate, when I’m presiding. But you know, in the Internet age, there are going to be lies that are spread all over the place. Fortunately the American people are smarter than folks give them credit for. My job is to tell the truth, to be straight with the American people about my vision for where the country needs to go. If I’m doing that effectively, then I place my trust in the American people that they will sort out the lies from the truth and they will make a good decision.

Attends church with press, to dispel rumors that he’s Muslim

His attendance at the First Congregational United Church of Christ in Mason City, Iowa, with the news media in tow, was as much an observation of faith as it was a rejoinder to baseless e-mailed rumors that he is a Muslim and poses a threat to the security of the US. Obama did not address the rumors, but described how he joined Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago two decades ago while working as a community organizer. “I realized that Scripture and the words of God fit into the values I was raised in,” he told the congregation.

Obama regularly attends church, but seldom with reporters watching. He is known to invoke religious references in his speeches and has said he has a “personal relationship” with Jesus Christ. He often has said that religion has a place in public life and that faith and politics are not exclusively the domain of conservatives.

Joined church that emphasized a “Black Value System”

How can Obama sit every week in a church preaching blackness & not object that he was raised quite well, thank you, by three white Midwesterners? Obama is the kind of man who can close down the best part of himself to belong to this black church and, more broadly, to the black identity.

Madrassa myth perpetuated by false email & fabricated story

[The story was based on an] April 2005 anti-Obama email entitled “The Enemy Within,” which circulated among right-wing circles. CNN sent a correspondent to Indonesia the check on the story. CNN reported that the madrassa “was an ordinary public school Kids ran around in short pants and learned math and science and participated in the Boy Scouts.” One reason the madrassa lie was so convincing can be attributed to the blind hatred of Muslims found on the Far Right.

Uses prayer to take stock of his moral compass

Obama’s secular upbringing has shaped his approach to religion today: “My faith is complicated by the fact that I didn’t grow up in a particular religious tradition. When you come at it as an adult, your brain mediates a lot, and you ask a lot of questions.”

When Obama prays, he says, he is engaged in an “ongoing conversation with God.” But this conversation is not a delusional belief that a supernatural being is talking directly to him. Instead, Obama uses God as a way to check his own ego. He uses prayer to “take stock” of himself and maintain his “moral compass.” He has a conversation with God in order to ask himself, “Am I doing this because it’s advantageous to me politically or because I think it’s the right thing to do.”

Reach out to faith community;faith has role in public square

A: Yes, there are some inconsistencies and hypocrisy of people who mix religion and politics sometimes. I have said it’s important for Democrats to reach out to the faith community, and the reason is because 90% of Americans believe in God. It’s a source of values. It’s a source of their moral compass. And I know it’s a source of strength for me and my family. I think it’s important for us not to presume that faith has no part in the public square. Look at Martin Luther King, the abolitionists, the suffragettes. We have a long history of reform movements being grounded in that sense often religiously expressed that we have to extend beyond ourselves and our individual immediate self-interests to think about something larger.

Active in the Trinity faith community

Obama’s faith shapes his values, as it does for millions of Americans. As he said in a recent speech on faith and politics:

Our values should express themselves not just through our churches or synagogues, temples or mosques; they should express themselves through our government. Because whether it’s poverty or racism, the uninsured or the unemployed, war or peace, the challenges we face today are not simply technical problems in search of the perfect ten-point plan. They are moral problems, rooted in both societal indifference and individual callousness--in the imperfections of man. And so long as we’re not doing everything in our personal and collective power to solve them, we know the conscience of our nation cannot rest.

Carries Bible on campaign trail, & refers to it weekly

But in speaking to a reporter, it seemed that he referred to his Bible [less often]. “It’s a great book and contains a lot of wisdom,” he said simply. He said he was drawn to Christianity because its main tenet of altruism and selflessness coincided with his own philosophies. His Christianity would be well received among blacks and some rural whites.

Embrace Christ as an ally

Source of his book title “Audacity of Hope” was a sermon

Raised secular, but with working knowledge of world religion

This spirit of hers guided me on the path I would ultimately take. It was in search of confirmation of her values that I studied political philosophy.

Baptized as an adult in the Trinity United Church of Christ

It was because of these newfound understandings-that religious commitment did not require me to suspend critical thinking, disengage from the battle for economic and social justice, or otherwise retreat from the world-that I was finally able to walk down the aisle of Trinity United Church of Christ one day and be ba

Religious concerns ok, if translated into universal values

Secularists are wrong when they ask believers to leave their religion at the door before entering the public square. To say that men and women should not inject their personal morality into public policy debates is a practical absurdity; our law is by definition a codification of morality, mush of it grounded in the Judeo-Christian tradition.

What our pluralistic democracy does demand is that the religiously motivated translate their concerns into universal, rather than religion-specific, values. Those opposed to abortion cannot simply invoke God’s will--they have to explain why abortion violates some principle that is accessible to people of all faiths.

There’s a call to evangelize in politics

I’m a big believer in the separation of church and state

Spent time in both Muslim and Catholic schools

Neighbor Bill Ayres admits 1970s violent radicalism

The radical 1960s SDS Weatherman bomber Bill Ayers had criminal charges dismisse because of prosecutorial misconduct. Today, Ayers likes to present himself as the "Distinguished Professor of Education" at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Still, in his 2001 book Fugitive Days, Ayers openly admits the role he played as a radical revolutionary leader. Ayers bombed the U.S. Capitol in 1971 and the Pentagon in 1972 as part of his revolutionary antiwar activities.

The problem is Obama maintained the relationship with Ayers over many years because it was politically useful to Obama, especially as he first ran for political office from the impoverished, largely African-American South Side of Chicago.

OpEd: Distances himself from 1970s radical Bill Ayres

That presidential candidate Obama has to sever ties with so many key people in his past should alone raise questions about the character for the serious voter.

Tony Rezko: large contributor & active member of campaigns

Rezko gave Obama his first political contribution, $2000 on July 13, 1995, when he learned Obama was going to run for Illinois state legislature. For a year Obama minimized his relationship with Rezko, telling reporters he only had dinner or lunch with Rezko once or twice a year. But when Chicago Sun-Times reporters finally confronted Obama in March 2008 for an extended interview in the newspaper offices, the senator changed his tune. "I've known him for 17 years," Obama finally admitted. "There were stretches of time where I would see hi once or twice a year. But, as I said, when he was involved in the campaign finance committees, then he was an active member." By saying Rezko was an "active member" of his campaigns, Obama acknowledged he relied upon Rezko to help him raise funds.

Tony Rezko helped Obama buy home in prestigious neighborhood

Rezko came up with a solution. His wife, Rita, bought the vacant lot at full price, permitting Obama and Michelle to negotiate buying the house for $1.65 million, a discount of $300,000 from the asking price. Rezko's wife closed on the vacant lot the same day the Obamas closed on the house. She paid $625,000 for the lot, the full asking price.

"Both actions would be clear violations of Senate ethics rules barring the granting or askin of favors," wrote the Wall Street Journal. The Boston Globe reported that Obama had asked for Rezko's advice in negotiating the deal--after all, Rezko was experienced with real estate--and Obama toured the house with Rezko before making an offer.

Segments of Wright sermons were "caricatures of the church"

Obama implied that he was being treated unfairly in that the segments of sermons played in the media were "caricatures of the church," complaining that anyone would "accept those caricatures despite my insistence that's not what the church is about." He also persisted in distancing himself from Wright, "Some of the statements the [Wright] made were indefensible and deeply offensive."

Clearly, Obama hoped that by leaving the church, he woul end the controversy. At a minimum, he wanted to be able to wash his hands of any subsequent incidents. Yet, by not denouncing Wright and Trinity Church itself, Obama remains open to continuing criticism as further incidents develop.

Photographed without hand over heart during national anthem

Obama explained, "I was taught by my grandfather that you put your hand over your heart during the pledge, but during the Star Spangled Banner you sing!" Obama and his supporters may think it is not important to wear a flag lapel pin or to hold his right hand over his heart while the national anthem is played, but try explaining that to veterans.

Mar. 2008: Campaign uproar over Rev. Wright's anti-US sermon

The uproar that resulted dominated campaign coverage for days and might have derailed Obama's campaign because it cut to core issues of race, national identity and politics.

Biggest mistake was intruding in Terri Schiavo case

A: Well, my wife may have a longer list. But professionally the biggest mistake that I made was when I first arrived in the Senate. There was a debate about Terri Schiavo, and a lot of us, including me, allowed Congress to intrude where it shouldn’t have. I should have fought more for making sure that families make those decisions and not bureaucrats and politicians.

Voted NO on confirming Samuel Alito as Supreme Court Justice.

Voted NO on confirming John Roberts for Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Member of Congressional Black Caucus.

On January 2, 1969, [three newly elected and six previously elected] African-American Members of Congress met as the Democratic Select Committee. On February 2, 1971 the group agreed to be known as the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC).

The goals of the CBC are to positively influence the course of events pertinent to African-Americans and others of similar experience and situation, and to achieve greater equity for persons of African descent in the design and content of domestic and international programs and services. The Caucus has not only been at the forefont of issues affecting African-Americans, but has garnered international acclaim for advancing agendas aimed at protecting human rights and civil rights for all people. Today, the Congressional Black Caucus stands 38 members strong.

Upon her election as Chair of the CBC for the 107th Congress, Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson expounded: “Whether the issue is popular or unpopular, simple or complex, the CBC has fought for thirty years to protect the fundamentals of democracy. The Caucus is committed to ensuring that the standard of living for minorities in America does not retrogress, but instead rises to meet the expectations of both our ancestors and our children. The Congressional Black Caucus is probably the closest group of legislators on the Hill. We work together almost incessantly, we are friends and, more importantly, a family of freedom fighters. Our diversity makes us stronger, and the expertise of all of our members has helped us be effective beyond our numbers.”

Reject Bush's Florida electors due to election fraud.

There is overwhelming evidence of official misconduct, deliberate fraud and an attempt to suppress voter turnout by unlawful means that were used to produce George W. Bush’s false victory. The preponderance of the available evidence points to Vice President Al Gore as the actual winner of the most votes in Florida and he should have been awarded the state’s electoral votes.

Vice President Al Gore may have conceded his judicial contest, but that is irrelevant. There is not provision for the concession of candidates in the Constitution. There is, however, a process set out in law for Congress to consider challenges to electoral votes. The Congress, on behalf of all Americans, is the final judge of how much election fraud to accept.

The hearings held by the NAACP clearly showed that there were massive violations of the Voting Rights Act, and that tens of thousands of Floridians were denied due process when they were removed from the voter rolls without notice. Still others were intimidated by police checkpoints set up near polling places. In Miami-Dade and Broward, investigations by independent news organizations have found hundreds of ineligible persons who were allowed to vote. There clearly were significant inequities in assigning what turned out to be non-working voting machines to precincts that were heavily African-American in Miami-Dade. We would not tolerate any of these errors if they took place in some other country. Is our duty to our own country any less?

Millions of Americans have already expressed their public outrage at the myriad injustices which occurred in the making of George W. Bush’s mistaken victory. But public outrage is not enough. The laws of this country provide for the objection which we herein make on behalf of freedom, justice and democracy. We, Members of the Congressional Black Caucus, therefore wholeheartedly object to the acceptance of the presidential electors from Florida.

Rated 100% by the AU, indicating support of church-state separation.

OnTheIssues.org interprets the 2006 AU scores as follows:

• 0%- 20%: opposition to church-state separation (approx. 232 members)
• 21%- 79%: mixed record on church-state separation (approx. 79 members)
• 80%-100%: support of church-state separation (approx. 153 members)

Americans United for Separation of Church and State (AU) is a religious liberty watchdog group based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1947, the organization educates Americans about the importance of church-state separation in safeguarding religious freedom. AU is a nonpartisan organization dedicated to preserving the constitutional principle of church-state separation as the only way to ensure religious freedom for all Americans.

Americans United is a national organization with members in all 50 states. We are headquartered in Washington, D.C., and led by the Rev. Barry W. Lynn, executive director. AU has more than 75,000 members from all over the country. They include people from all walks of life and from various faith communities, as well as those who profess no particular faith. We are funded by donations from our members and others who support church-state separation. We do not seek, nor would we accept, government funding.